Anna Lucasta (play)
| Anna Lucasta | |
|---|---|
| Written by | Philip Yordan |
| Characters |
Anna Joe Rudolf Danny Noah Theresa Stella Blanche Frank Eddie[1] |
| Original language | English |
| Setting | The Lucasta living room in Pennsylvania and Noah's Bar in Brooklyn. Early 1941. |
Anna Lucasta is a Broadway play by Philip Yordan. It premiered on Broadway in 1944 at the Mansfield Theatre. Inspired by Eugene O'Neill's Anna Christie, the play was originally written about a Polish American family. The American Negro Theatre director Abram Hill and director Henry Wagstaff Gribble adapted the script for an all African American cast. The original cast included Hilda Simms, Canada Lee and Alice Childress.
Productions
The play was originally produced by American Negro Theatre Company. It was first presented at The Harlem's Little Library Theatre in the basement of the 135th Street Branch of the New York Public Library now known as the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. The cast rehearsed in the basement of a library. They would go to work during the day, rehearse after work, and get kicked out by the janitor at 11 o'clock.[2] Anna Lucasta premièred as a Broadway play on August 30, 1944, at the Mansfield Theatre. John Wildberg produced, and Harry Wagstaff Gribble directed. The play closed on November 30, 1946, after 957 performances. A revival opened at the National Theatre on Broadway in September 1947, and ran for 32 performances before closing that October. The 1944 production also toured the US and Europe. Anna Lucasta appeared in London in 1947 at His Majesty's Theatre. Another production went to Paris starring Paulette Goddard with a white cast.[3] However, the ANT did not get to enjoy the success of Anna Lucasta. The two copies of the Hill-Yordan-Wildberg contracts filed with the Dramatists Guild could not be found. Hill had to renegotiate his entire contract. At first, Wildberg, the producer, refused to discuss it but Yordan said he would take care of it. Just before the Broadway opening, Hill threatened an injunction. Wildberg said he would pay 2 percent of the Broadway production. Hill took it before the ANT committee and explained it. Eight of the company of members were in the Broadway show and three of them are on the committee. They were also under contract with Wildberg, who offered no additional rights from a possible film and no radio rights. He offered only 2 percent of the Broadway show. The committee voted to accept it. The producer said Hill's percentage was included in the 2 percent for ANT. Hill claimed his "lost" contract called for 10 percent of the writing share. He battled for six months. Finally, the producer said, instead of money, they'd produce Hill's drama, Walk Hard, on Broadway. Hill decided that rather than risk losing everything if the play failed, he would take a fee of $25,000 for his writing efforts.[4][5]
Reception
The 1944 production was critically acclaimed particularly for presenting a story that does not condescend African-Americans and performances from an all African-American cast. The Daily News wrote, “Anna Lucasta is a first rate drama. Acted by a company of colored actors players who are a joy to watch… it had first nighters cheering.” The Baltimore wrote, “It is not only a first rate drama, top-notch theatre, with some of the finest acting, both dramatic and comedic, that has ever been seen on Broadway. But it is the first American play designed for an all colored cast to treat of colored life without a certain amused condescension… the first play of colored life to recognize the fact that colored person are individuals with the same problems, ways of living, speech, and point of views as the whites….” The New York Times and The New York Sun praised the performances of Hilda Simms, who plays Anna, and Canada Lee, who plays Danny. The New York Times writes, “Hilda Simms is a wonderful young lady who also understands what do to with the part...in a small role, Canada Lee, normally a star in his own right, but helping out his friends at this time and acting in a way that made him a star." The New York Sun wrote, "Canada Lee, an asset to any play, brings his vigorous playing to any scene..."[6]
The one critical remark about the production was that the acting surpassed the script. Variety wrote, “Play was spotty but the performances are excellent."[7] The Herald Tribune also wrote, “The acting warrants better material…” and The New York Sun also wrote, "Put 'Anna Lucasta' down as a credible presentation of a spotty and uncertain play."[6] Even the director of the production, Harry Wagstaff Gribble, felt like it was not a perfect play but the forefront of what the future could hold for African-American actors in the theatre and it accomplished some of the ideas that he wanted to do with black theatre and how to represent African Americans as individuals.[8]
Plot
A girl making her way through life as a prostitute seeks forgiveness from her family. The Lucastas, working-class people in a coal mining town, are selfish people whose daughter, Anna, has left home to lead what they consider a "life of shame" in the city. Rudolf, the son of a friend, comes to visit them on the suggestion of his father. He has several hundred dollars in his pocket and is eager to marry. The family decides that the youth is a hick, but there is a chance to marry off Anna "respectably". However, Rudolf turns out to be rather attractive and graduated from an agriculture college. When Anna returns home, she is fascinated by him and the two fall in love, though she is still in love with her sailor boyfriend Danny. Anna gradually awakens to find out what it means to be treated by a kind young man. For Anna is not a degenerate, but a high spirited girl driven from home by her father's puritanical cruelty. Without telling Rudolf about her past, she agrees to marry him. But on her wedding day, Danny shows up. Anna, believing that a life with Rudolf is impossible, returns to her old haunts in the city. Rudolf realizes he loves Anna more deeply, and sets out to find her. He makes her realizes his love for her and they go off together.[9]
Films
Two films were made based on the original Yordan play. A 1949 film directed by Irving Rapper and starring Paulette Goddard, was released by Columbia Pictures. A 1959 film directed by Arnold Laven and produced by Sidney Harmon was released by United Artists. The film starred Eartha Kitt in the title role and Sammy Davis, Jr. as Danny Johnson.[10]
References
- ↑ "Anna Lucasta", Playbill Vault
- ↑ Rea, E. (Sep, 9 1944) "Anna Lucasta Reveals Fine Dramatic Ability of Actors", The Baltimore Afro-American, ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Baltimore Afro-American (1893-1988)
- ↑ "Anna Lucasta Pleases Londoners" (December 1947) The Baltimore Afro-American, pg. M_9A, ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Baltimore Afro-American (1893-1988)
- ↑ Abram Hill (2000) interview by Michele Wallace, tape recording, 19 January 1974, Artist and Influence, Vol. 19, p. 120
- ↑ Hill, Errol, Vatch; James V. (2003) A History of African American Theatre. Cambridge University Press. New York ISBN 978-0-52162-443-5
- 1 2 "What Critics Said About 'Anna Lucasta'" (Sep 9, 1944) The Baltimore Afro-American, p. 8, ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Baltimore Afro-American (1893-1988)
- ↑ Ibee (1944, Sep 6) "Legitimate: Plays on Broadway - Anna Lucasta", Variety, Vol. 155, p. 38; Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1285837864?accountid=14512 (Archive: 1905-2000)
- ↑ Gribbe, Harry W. (1946, February 9) "'Anna Lucasta' Not His Dream Play", Chicago Defender
- ↑ Dramatist Play Service
- ↑ Erickson, Hal. "Anna Lucasta (1958) synopsis". AllRovi.