Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia

Anna of Bohemia
High Duchess consort of Poland
Reign	1238–1241
Born	1603[1]/1204
Died	26 June 1265 (aged 60–61)
Spouse	Henry II the Pious
Issue	Gertrude, Duchess of Masovia Constance, Duchess of Kuyavia Bolesław II the Bald Mieszko, Duke of Lubusz Henry III the White Konrad I, Duke of Silesia-Glogau Elisabeth, Duchess of Greater Poland Ladislaus of Salzburg Agnes Hedwig
House	Premyslid Dynasty (by birth) House of Piast (by marriage)
Father	Ottokar I of Bohemia
Mother	Constance of Hungary

Anna of Bohemia (Czech: Anna Lehnická, Polish: Anna Przemyślidka) (1603^[1]/1204 – 26 June 1265) was the Duchess of Silesia.^[2] She was celebrated by the community of Franciscan nuns at St Clara of Prague Abbey in Wrocław (Breslau) as their founder and patron.

Life

Anna was born in Prague. She was the daughter of Ottokar I, King of Bohemia, and his second wife, Constance of Hungary. Her maternal grandparents were Béla III of Hungary and his first wife, Agnes of Antioch. Her paternal grandparents were Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia, and Judith of Thuringia. Around the age of twelve she was married (1216) to Henry II the Pious, Duke of Silesia.^[3] She was the sister of the Franciscan nun Agnes of Bohemia. She was widowed in 1241,^[1] as her husband died at the Battle of Legnica. The following years were mainly marked by her occupation as a regent for her sons.^[4]

Anna was a generous benefactor of the Franciscan nuns in Wrocław. In 1256, Pope Alexander IV wrote to the Bishops of Wrocław and Lubiąż, explaining that Anna had proposed the construction of a monastery that would house a community of Franciscan nuns, fulfilling her desire, and her dead husband’s desire, to build such an institution. In 1257, the construction of the monastery began.^[4] Anna donated many goods to the monastery, but made sure that her donations did not violate the vow of voluntary poverty that the nuns had taken; in 1263, a papal bull issued by Pope Urban IV to the nuns at Wrocław states that Anna wanted the nuns to use the property that she had given them only in times of need. The Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium names Anna as the founder of the monastery of St Clare at Wrocław. Her vita, written in the first half of the fourteenth century, links her closely with her mother-in-law Hedwig of Silesia, who is portrayed as the main influence on Anna's religious life.

According to a text known as the Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium,^[5] a chronicle written by the Franciscan nuns at Wrocław, she died in 1265 and was buried in the nuns' choir at the Chapel of St Hedwig, a chapel in St Clara of Prague Abbey in Wrocław (Breslau).

According historian Gábor Klaniczay, she was venerated as a saint in Poland, but would never be canonised.^[1]

Children

Anna and Henry had ten^[4] children:

1. Gertrude (ca. 1218/20 – 23/30 April 1247), married by 1232 to Bolesław I of Masovia.
2. Constance (ca. 1221 – ca. 21 February 1257), married by 1239 to Casimir I of Kuyavia.
3. Bolesław II the Bald (ca. 1220/25 – 25/31 December 1278).
4. Mieszko (ca. 1223/27 – 1242).
5. Henry III the White (1227/30 – 3 December 1266).
6. Konrad (1228/31 – 6 August ca. 1274).
7. Elizabeth (ca. 1232 – 16 January 1265), married in 1244 to Przemysł I of Greater Poland.
8. Agnes of Trebnitz^[6] (ca. 1236 – 14 May aft. 1277), left by her mother with the Franciscans at St. Clare in Wrocław.
9. Władysław (1237 – 27 April 1270), Chancellor of Bohemia (1256), Bishop of Passau (1265) and Archbishop of Salzburg (1265–70).
10. Hedwig (ca. 1238/41 – 3 April 1318), Abbess of St Clara in Wrocław.

Anna's younger sons included Henry III, duke of Silesia-Breslau, Conrad I, duke of Glogau, and Vladislav (1237–1270), who became Bishop of Bamberg (1257) and elector of Passau and Salzburg. Of her daughters, Gertrude (1219–1246) became the first wife of Boleslav I, duke of Masovia, whilst Hedwig (c. 1240-1318) served as abbess of the monastery of St Clare at Wrocław.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia

16. Vratislaus II of Bohemia               8. Vladislaus I of Bohemia                       17. Świętosława of Poland               4. Vladislaus II of Bohemia                             18. Henry I of Berg-Schelklingen               9. Richeza of Berg                       19. Adelheid of Mochental               2. Ottokar I of Bohemia                                   20. Louis the Springer               10. Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia                       21. Adelheid von Stade               5. Judith of Thuringia                             22. Giso IV, Count of Gudensberg               11. Hedwig of Gudensberg                       23. Kunigunde von Bilstein               1. Anna of Bohemia                                         24. Béla II of Hungary               12. Géza II of Hungary                       25. Helena of Raška               6. Béla III of Hungary                             26. Mstislav I of Kiev               13. Euphrosyne of Kiev                       27. Liubava Dmitrievna               3. Constance of Hungary                                   28. Henri de Châtillon               14. Raynald of Châtillon                       29. Ermengarde de Montjay               7. Agnes of Antioch                             30. Bohemund II of Antioch               15. Constance of Antioch                       31. Alice of Antioch

References

1. Klaniczay 2002, p. 204.
2. It is important to note that Anna was still styled as a duchess after her husband's death in 1241. See Sébastien Rossignol 'The Authority and Charter Usage of Female Rulers in Medieval Silesia, c. 1200-c. 1330' in The Journal of Medieval History https://www.academia.edu/4491020/S._Rossignol_The_Authority_and_Charter_Usage_of_Female_Rulers_in_Medieval_Silesia_c._1200-c._1330
3. Klaniczay 2002, pp. 204-205.
4. Klaniczay 2002, p. 205.
5. Notæ Monialium Sanctæ Claræ Wratislaviensium in the Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores, XIX, p. 534
6. Jordan, McNab & Ruiz 2015, p. 37.

Sources

• Jordan, William Chester; McNab, Bruce; Ruiz, Teofilo F. (2015). Order and Innovation in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honor of Joseph R. Strayer. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400869671.
• Klaniczay, Gábor (2002). Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521420181.