Apoclada

Apoclada
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Bambusoideae
Supertribe: Bambusodae
Tribe: Bambuseae
Subtribe: Guaduinae
Genus: Apoclada
McClure
Binomial name
Apoclada simplex
McClure & L.B.Sm.
Synonyms[1]

Apoclada diversa McClure

Apoclada is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family).[2]

The only known species is Apoclada simplex, found in the forests of southeastern Brazil (States of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo).[1][3]

The genus was for many years thought to contain four species (Apoclada cannavieira, A. arenicola, A. diversa & A. simplex)[4] Upon further examination and fieldwork at the collection locality, the single piece of material at the US National Herbarium from which A. diversa had been described, was found to be merely a deformed stem of A. simplex[5][6] Later, with revised concepts of morphological interpretation in the bamboos and strong molecular evidence[7] it became clear that the two species formerly known as A. arenicola, and A. cannavieira which are endemic to the cerrado of central Brazil are actually unrelated to A. simplex and are correctly placed in their own genus Filgueirasia.[8]

The stems of this bamboo grow to more than 13 m tall although half that is more common. Like all bamboos, the upright stems (also called culms) grow from horizontal underground stems called rhizomes. In A. simplex these rhizomes can be more than 40 cm long, thus although this species is technically a clumping type of bamboo, groves of it often appear much like those of the Asian running bamboos because of the long distance between culms. The culms are light to dark green or sometimes reddish, and about 1.9–4 cm in diameter with internodes every 7–38 cm. The foliage leaf blades are long and thin, 1.3–16.4 cm long and 2–7 mm wide.

formerly included[1]

see Filgueirasia

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ McClure, F. A. & L.B. Smith. 1967. Gramíneas – Suplemento. Bambúseas. 1(GRAM–Supl.): 1–78. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil
  3. ↑ Renvoize, S. A. 1988. Hatschbach's Paraná Grass. 1–76. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
  4. ↑ McClure, F. 1973. Genera of Bamboos Native to the New World(Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 9: 1–148.
  5. ↑ Guala, G.F. 1992. All About Apoclada (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) a monograph of the genus. Thesis presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida.
  6. ↑ Guala, G.F. 1995 A cladistic analysis and revision of the genus Apoclada (Poaceae:Bambusoideae). Systematic Botany 20(3): 207–223
  7. ↑ Guala, G.F., D. Bogler, J. Sadle and J. Francisco Ortega 2000. Molecular Evidence for polyphyly in the genus Apoclada (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Bamboo Science and Culture 14:(1): 15–20.
  8. ↑ Guala, G.F. 2003. A new genus of bamboos from the cerrados of Brazil. Bamboo Science and Culture 17(1): 1–3

External links

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