Arado Ar 96

Ar 96

Arado Ar 96Bs in echelon flight
Role	Military Trainer
Manufacturer	Arado Flugzeugwerke
Designer	Walter Blume
First flight	1938
Introduction	1939
Primary users	Luftwaffe Czechoslovakian Air Force Hungarian Air Force Romanian Air Force
Number built	~ 3,500

The Arado Ar 96 was a German single-engine, low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction produced by Arado Flugzeugwerke. It was the Luftwaffe's standard advanced trainer during World War II.

Design and development

Designed by Walter Blume as the result of a 1936 Reich Air Ministry tender, the prototype, powered by a 179 kW (240 hp) Argus As 10c engine, first flew in 1938. In 1939, an initial batch of Ar 96A aircraft was produced. This was followed by the major production series, the more powerful Ar 96B, fitted with the Argus As 410 engine.

Operational history

The Ar 96 was used for advanced, night and instrument flying training. Famously, during the evening of 28 April 1945, pilot Hanna Reitsch was flown with then-Luftwaffe head Generaloberst Robert Ritter von Greim out from Berlin under Soviet fire in an Arado Ar 96 trainer from an improvised airstrip in the Tiergarten, piloted by a Luftwaffe sergeant.

Shadow production was undertaken by Letov and the Avia factory in occupied Czechoslovakia, where manufacturing continued for some years after the war, being designated the Avia C-2B.

A wooden version known as the Ar 396 was built in France and was designated the SIPA S.10. Further developments were the SIPA S.11 (armed version), and the SIPA S.12, a metal version; 188 of all versions were produced until 1958. The S.11 was operated with some success in Algeria carrying machine guns, rockets and light bombs.

Variants

Ar 96A: Two-seat advanced trainer aircraft. Initial production version.
Ar 96B: Improved version. Main production version.
Ar 96B-1: Unarmed pilot trainer version.
Ar 96B-2
Ar 96C
Ar 296: A proposed development of the Ar 96 with an Argus As 411 engine, abandoned in favour of the Ar 396 due to the use of non-strategic materials in the Ar 396 production.
Ar 396A-1: Single-seat gunnery trainer powered by an Argus As 411 engine, built largely from wood.
Ar 396A-2: Unarmed instrument trainer version.
SIPA S.10: French production version of Ar 396, 28 produced.^[1]
SIPA S.11: Modified version of S.10, powered by Renault 12S (French built Argus As 411), 50 built for the French Air Force.^[1]
SIPA S.12: All-metal version of S.11, 52 built for the French Air Force.^[1]
SIPA S.121: Modified version of S.12, 58 built for the French Air Force.^[1]
Avia C.2B: Czech production version of the Ar 96B. Czech designation C.2B. 228 built by Avia and 182 by Letov between 1945 and 1950.^[2]

Production figures up to 1945

Version	Arado	AGO	Avia	Letov	Total	Construction Period
Prototypes	4				4	1937 - 1938
A-0	6				6	including 3 delivered on 1 April 1939, W.-Nr. 2879-2884
A	23	69			92	Mid 1939 - May 1940
B-0	2				2	1940
B-1	144	223	997	17	1,381	July 1940 - April 1944
B-3			210		210	1941 - 1943
B-6			100		100	July 1943 - January 1944
B-7			518	378	896	May 1944 - March 1945
B-7/B-8				81	81	December 1944 - March 1945
B-8				74	74	June 1944 - January 1945
Sales series	45				45	1939 - 1940
TOTALS	224	292	1825	550	2891

Operators

Bulgaria

Bulgarian Air Force - Bulgaria received two Avia C.2s in 1948.^[3]

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakian Air Force operated Avia C-2 variant postwar.
Czechoslovakian National Security Guard

France

French Air Force (Postwar)

Germany

Luftwaffe

Hungary

Hungarian Air Force

Romania

Romanian Air Force

Slovakia

Slovenské vzdušné zbrane

Survivors

Arado Ar 96 B-1 - Deutsches Technikmuseum. Berlin, Germany.
Arado Ar 96 B-1 - Flyhistorisk Museum. Sola, Norway.^[4]

Specifications (Arado Ar 96B-2)

Data from Aircraft of the Third Reich Vol.1^[5]

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 9.1 m (29 ft 10 in)

Ar 396A-1: 9.3 m (31 ft)

Wingspan: 11 m (36 ft 1 in)
Height: 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)

Ar 396A-1: 2.45 m (8 ft)

Wing area: 17.1 m² (184 sq ft)

Ar 396A-1: 18.3 m² (197 sq ft)

Empty weight: 1,295 kg (2,855 lb)

Ar 396A-1: 1,643 kg (3,622 lb)

Max takeoff weight: 1,700 kg (3,748 lb)

Ar 396A-1: 2,060 kg (4,542 lb)

Powerplant: 1 × Argus As 410A-1 inverted V-12 air-cooled piston engine, 347 kW (465 hp)

Ar 396A-1: 1 x 433 kW (581 hp) Argus As 411MA inverted V-12 air-cooled piston engine

Propellers: 2-bladed variable pitch metal propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 330 km/h (205 mph; 178 kn) at sea level
Cruising speed: 295 km/h (183 mph; 159 kn)

Ar 396A-1: 275 km/h (171 mph) at sea level

Range: 990 km (615 mi; 535 nmi)

Ar 396A-1: 600 km (373 mi)

Service ceiling: 7,100 m (23,294 ft)

Ar 396A-1: 6,900 m (22,638 ft)

Rate of climb: 5.083 m/s (1,000.6 ft/min)
Time to altitude:

Ar 396A-1: 4,000 m (13,123 ft) in 10 minutes 18 seconds

Armament

1 × 7.92 mm (0.312 in) MG 17 machine gun

Ar 396A-1: 1 × 7.92 mm (0.312 in) MG 17 machine gun + 2 x 50 kg (110 lb) bombs on underwing racks

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arado Ar 96.

Notes

1 2 3 4 Taylor, Michael J H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. pg. 825. Portland House, 1989. ISBN 0-517-69186-8
↑ Kudlicka 2004, pp. 45—46.
↑ Kudlicka 2004, p.48.
↑ Flyhistorisk Museum Sola (Norwegian)
↑ Green, William (2010). Aircraft of the Third Reich. Vol.1 (1st ed.). London: Aerospace Publishing Limited. pp. 43 & 90. ISBN 978 1 900732 06 2.

Bibliography

Green, William. Warplanes of the Third Reich. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1970 (fourth impression 1979). ISBN 0-356-02382-6.
Kranzhoff, Jörg Armin. Arado Ar 96 Varianten (Flugzeug Profile Nr. 43) (in German). Stengelheim, Germany: Unitec-Medienvertrieb, e.K., 2006.
Kudlicka, Bohumir. "An Arado By Other Names". Air Enthusiast, No. 111, May/June 2004. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. pp. 45–49.
Mondey, David. The Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II. London: Chancellor, 1996. ISBN 1-85152-966-7.
Smith J. R. and Kay, Anthony. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-370-00024-2.
Green, William (2010). Aircraft of the Third Reich. Vol.1 (1st ed.). London: Aerospace Publishing Limited. pp. 43 & 90. ISBN 978 1 900732 06 2.

Aircraft produced by Arado Flugzeugwerke

Ar 64 Ar 65 Ar 66 Ar 67 Ar 68 Ar 69 Ar 76 Ar 79 Ar 80 Ar 81 Ar 95 Ar 96 Ar 195 Ar 196 Ar 197 Ar 198 Ar 199 Ar 231 Ar 232 Ar 233 Ar 234 Ar 240 Ar 296 Ar 396 Ar 432 Ar 440 Ar 532 E.340 E.377 E.380 E.381 E.500 E.530 E.555 E.560 E.561 E.580 E.581 E.583 L I L II S I SC I SC II SD I SD II SD III SSD I V I W 2

Reich Air Ministry aircraft designations

1 to 100	B 9 Gö 9 Do 10 Do 11 Wn 11 Do 12 Do 13 Do 14 Do 15 Wn 15 Do 16 Wn 16 Do 17 Do 18 Do 19 Do 20 Do 22 Do 23 Do 24 Kl 25 Do 26 Kl 26 M 27 Do 29 Kl 31 Kl 32 W 33 L 33 W 34 Kl 35 Kl 36 HD 37 HD 38 G 38 DFS 39 BV 40 DFS 40 A 40 Fw 42 He 42 Fw 43 HD 43 Fw 44 He 45 He 46 Ju 46 Fw 47 Ju 47 K 47 A 48 He 49 Ju 49 He 50 A 50 He 51 K 51 Ju 52 K 53 NR 54 Fw 55 NR 55 Fw 56 Fw 57 Fw 58 He 58 He 59 He 60 Ju 60 Fw 61 He 61 Fw 62 He 62 He 63 Ar 64 He 64 Ar 65 He 65 Ar 66 He 66 Ar 67 Ar 68 Ar 69 He 70 He 71 He 72 He 74 Ar 76 Ar 77 Ar 79 Ar 80 Ar 81 Ju 85 Ju 86 Ju 87 Ju 88 Ju 89 Ju 90 Ar 95 Ar 96 Fi 97 Fi 98 Fi 99 He 100

101 to 200	Al 101 Al 102 Al 103 Fi 103 Fh 104 Kl 105 Kl 106 Kl 107 Bf 108 Bf 109 Bf 110 He 111 He 112 He 113 He 114 He 115 He 116 Hs 117 He 118 He 119 He 120 Hs 121 Hs 122 Hs 123 Hs 124 Hs 125 Hs 126 Hs 127 Hs 128 Hs 129 Hs 130 Bü 131 Hs 132 Bü 133 Bü 134 Ha 135 Ha 136 Hü 136 Ha 137 BV 138 Ha 139 Ha 140 BV 141 BV 142 BV 143 BV 144 Go 145 Go 146 Go 147 Ju 147 Go 149 Go 150 Kl 151 Ta 152 Kl 152 Ta 153 Ta 154 BV 155 Fi 156 Fi 157 Fi 158 Fw 159 Ju 160 Bf 161 He 162 Bf 162 Bf 163 Me 163 Me 164 Fi 166 FK 166 Fi 167 Fi 168 He 170 He 172 He 176 He 177 He 178 Bü 180 Bü 181 Bü 182 Ta 183 Fl 184 Fl 185 Fw 186 Ju 186 Fw 187 Ju 187 Ju 188 Fw 189 Fw 190 Fw 191 Ao 192 DFS 193 DFS 194 Ar 195 Ar 196 Ar 197 Ar 198 Ar 199 Fw 200

201 to 300	Si 201 Si 202 DFS 203 Si 204 Fw 206 Me 208 Me 209 Me 209 (1943) Me 210 Hü 211 Do 212 Do 214 Do 215 Do 216 Do 217 Hs 217 He 219 He 220 BV 222 Fa 223 Fa 224 Ao 225 Fa 225 BV 226 Ho 226 FGP 227 DFS 228 Ho 229 DFS 230 Ar 231 Ar 232 Ar 233 Ar 234 Do 235 BV 237 BV 238 Fw 238 Ar 239 Ar 240 Go 241 Go 242 Go 244 BV 246 Ju 248 BV 250 Fw 250 Ho 250 Ho 251 Ho 252 Ju 252 Fi 253 Ho 253 Ta 254 Ho 254 Fi 256 Sk 257 Fw 261 Me 261 Me 262 Me 263 Me 264 Fl 265 Me 265 Fa 266 Ho 267 Ju 268 Fa 269 He 270 We 271 Fw 272 He 274 He 275 He 277 He 278 He 280 Fl 282 Fa 283 Ta 283 Fa 284 Fl 285 Ju 286 Ju 287 Ju 288 Ju 290 Me 290 As 292 Hs 293 Hs 294 Hs 295 Ar 296 Hs 296 Hs 297 Hs 298 Fw 300

301-	Me 309 Me 310 Do 317 Do 318 He 319 Me 321 Ju 322 Me 323 Me 328 Me 329 Fa 330 DFS 331 DFS 332 Fi 333 Me 334 Do 335 Fa 336 Fl 339 E.340 WNF 342 He 343 Rk 344 So 344 Go 345 DFS 346 Rk 347 Ba 349 Ju 352 Me 362 Me 364 Ju 388 Ju 390 Fw 391 Ar 396 Ta 400 Me 409 Me 410 Do 417 He 419 ZMe 423 Ar 430 Ka 430 Ar 432 Do 435 Ar 440 Ju 452 Me 462 Ju 488 Fw 491 Me 509 Me 510 He 519 ZSO 523 Ar 532 Do 535 E.555 Me 609 Ar 632 Do 635

Aircraft produced by Société Industrielle Pour l’Aéronautique (SIPA)

S.10 S.11 S.12 S.20 S.50 S.70 S.90 S.200 Minijet S.251 Antilope S.261 Anjou S.300 S.1000 S.1100

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