Arizona State Legislature

Arizona State Legislature
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Houses Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Andy Biggs (R)
Since January 2015
David Gowan (R)
Since January 2015
Structure
Seats 90
Political groups
 Republican Party
Democratic Party
Elections
Last election
 November 4, 2014
Next election
 November 8, 2016
Meeting place
Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix
Website
http://www.azleg.gov/
The Arizona State Capitol grounds in Phoenix.

The Arizona State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. It is a bicameral legislature that consists of a lower house, the House of Representatives, and an upper house, the Senate. Composed of 90 legislators, the state legislature meets in the Capitol Complex in the state capital of Phoenix, Arizona. Created by the Arizona Constitution upon statehood in 1912, the Arizona State Legislature met biennially until 1950. Today, they meet annually.

Arizona's electoral districts are different from the majority of U.S. states. Two representatives and one senator share each of the state's 30 electoral districts. Legislators are term limited to eight consecutive years in office, but can run again after two years or run for the opposite house than the one in which they serve.

History

Pre-statehood

Congress formed the New Mexico Territory in 1850 consisting of the land that is now Arizona north of the Gila River, along with what is now New Mexico, parts of Colorado and Nevada.[1] In 1853, the territory expanded under the Gadsden Purchase agreement by nearly 30,000 square miles of land south of the Gila River in Arizona, forming the state’s current boundary with Mexico.[1] In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Arizona Organic Act creating the Territory of Arizona. In 1864, the First Territorial Legislature convened in Prescott, the territory’s first capital.[1] The capital moved from Prescott to Tucson and back to Prescott before being permanently established in Phoenix in 1889.[1]

Early years of statehood

On June 20, 1910, President William Howard Taft signed the Enabling Act, allowing the Arizona Territory to hold a constitutional convention. Elected Arizona delegates convened in Phoenix at the territorial capitol on October 10, 1910 to draft the Arizona Constitution.[1] Although constitutional provisions for prohibition and women’s suffrage were rejected, voters added both within three years of statehood.[1] The new constitution was ratified by voters on February 9, 1911, and Arizona statehood took place on February 14, 1912, after eliminating a provision that caused an initial veto by the president.[1]

Arizona's First Legislature had 19 state senators and 35 state representatives and convened March 18, 1912.[1] The Legislature met on a biennial basis until 1950, when a constitutional amendment provided for annual sessions.[1]

Legislative process

The Arizona Legislature is responsible for making laws in the state of Arizona. The first step in the legislative process is bill drafting. First, legislators must submit a bill request to the legislative council staff.[2] Additionally, a legislator-elect may submit a bill request or private citizens can obtain authorization from a legislator to use the legislator's name before giving instructions to the legislative council staff.[2] The legislative council staff delivers a bill draft to the sponsor or requester and if directed, will prepare the bill for introduction.[2]

Bills undergo three or four readings during the legislative process. After the first reading, they are assigned to committee. Committees can amend measures or hold legislation and prevent it from advancing. Once committee action is completed, the bill undergoes a second hearing and a third hearing, which happens just before the floor vote on it.[1] The bill is then sent to the opposite legislative house for consideration. If approved, without amendment, it is sent to the governor. If there is amendment, however, the Senate may either reconsider the bill with amendments or ask for the establishment of a conference committee to work out differences in the versions of the bill passed by each chamber. Once a piece of legislation approved by both houses is forwarded to the governor, it may either be signed or vetoed. If it is signed, it takes effect on the effective date of the legislation. If it is vetoed, lawmakers may override the veto with a vote by a three-fifths majority in both chambers.[1]

Alternatively, instead of presenting the measure to the Governor, the Legislature may order that it be submitted to the people.[3] If the measure is approved by the people, the Governor has no power to veto it,[4] and the Legislature may not repeal it,[5] and may not amend it unless the amending legislation furthers the purposes of such measure and at least three-fourths of the members of each house of the Legislature, by a roll call of ayes and nays, vote to amend such measure.[6]

Membership

Districting

There are 30 legislative districts in Arizona, each of which is a multimember constituency. Each district elects a state senator and two state representatives for a two-year term. The crossing of upper and lower house districts into a single constituency is found in only seven U.S. state legislatures: Arizona, Idaho, Maryland, New Jersey, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington. Since Representatives and Senators are elected by exactly the same people, each House of the Arizona Legislature tends to have members with identical political philosophies, which is illustrated by the fact (see below) that the Republican party has two-thirds of the seats in each House. This produces, in effect, a "two-house unicameral" legislature.

Term limits

Under article 4, part 2, section 21 of the Constitution of Arizona, members of the Arizona Legislature serve two-year terms, and legislators are subject to term limits.[7] With regard to term limits, members may only serve four consecutive terms (or eight years) in each house; however, once serving the limit, former members are re-eligible for election after a 2-year respite.[7] Members who are term-limited in one house frequently seek election to other positions within the state.

Party composition and elections

Before the 2010 general election, the Republican Party controlled both houses of the Arizona Legislature, with an advantage over the Democratic Party of 18–12 in the Senate and 35-25 in the House.[8]

In the general election on November 2, 2010, the Republican Party gained 3 seats in the Arizona Senate and 5 seats in the House.[9] The Republicans' edge over the Democrats in the popular vote was 57.7% to 39.8% in the Senate and 61.7% to 35.5% in the House.[10]

After the 2010 election, the party breakdown in the Arizona Legislature was: Senate: 21 Republicans, 9 Democrats ; House of Representatives: 40 Republicans, 20 Democrats.

Before the 2012 general election, after resignations and one recall election, the party breakdown in the Arizona Legislature was: Senate (unchanged): 21 Republicans, 9 Democrats;[11] House of Representatives: 40 Republicans, 18 Democrats, 1 Independent, 1 Vacancy.[12]

The preliminary results of the general election on November 6, 2012, show the Democratic Party gaining 4 seats in the Senate and 6 seats in the House of Representatives. The Republicans' edge over the Democrats in the overall popular vote was 54.8% to 41.3% in the Senate and 58.7% to 39.6% in the House.

After the 2012 election (preliminary results), the party breakdown in the Arizona Legislature is:

Senate: 17 Republicans, 13 Democrats

House of Representatives: 36 Republicans, 24 Democrats[13]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Legislative Manual" (PDF). Arizona Legislative Council. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 "Legislative Council". Azleg.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
  3. ↑ Ariz. Const. Art. IV, Part I, § 1(15).
  4. ↑ Ariz. Const. Art. IV, Part I, § 1(6)(A).
  5. ↑ Ariz. Const. Art. IV, Part I, § 1(6)(B).
  6. ↑ Ariz. Const. Art. IV, Part I, § 1(6)(C).
  7. 1 2 "Constitution of Arizona, art. 4, pt. 2, § 21". Arizona State Legislature. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  8. ↑ "Arizona Republicans add to legislative majorities - Mohave Daily News: State". Mohavedaily News. 2010-11-03. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
  9. ↑ "November 2, 2010 General Election". Results.enr.clarityelections.com. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
  10. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20110718135637/http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/AZ/22333/39531/AZ/22333/39940/en/reports.html. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ "Member Roster". Azleg.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
  12. ↑ "Member Roster". Azleg.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
  13. ↑ "Unofficial Results - General Election : 2012". Results.enr.clarityelections.com. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
  14. ↑ Federal Writers’ Project (1956). "Chronology". Arizona, the Grand Canyon State. American Guide Series (4th ed.). New York: Hastings House.

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