Aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin)

Aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin)
Identifiers
EC number	1.4.9.2
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
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Aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin) (EC 1.4.9.2, aromatic amine dehydrogenase, arylamine dehydrogenase, tyramine dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with the systematic name aralkylamine:azurin oxidoreductase (deaminating).^{[1][2][3][4][5]} This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:

ArCH₂NH₂ + H₂O + 2 azurin $\rightleftharpoons$ ArCHO + NH₃ + 2 reduced azurin

The three substrates of this enzyme are RCH₂NH₂ (i.e., an aromatic amine), water, and the acceptor azurin, and its three products are RCHO, ammonia, and a reduced acceptor. Azurin can be replaced with the artificial acceptor phenazine methosulfate in in vitro studies.^[1]

This quinoprotein enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors with other acceptors. This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. It is notable for its chemical mechanism, which is dominated by proton tunneling.^[6]

References

1. Iwaki, M., Yagi, T., Horiike, K., Saeki, Y., Ushijima, T. and Nozaki, M. (1983). "Crystallization and properties of aromatic amine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 220: 253–262. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(83)90408-3. PMID 6830237.
2. Hyun, Y.L. and Davidson, V.L. (1995). "Electron transfer reactions between aromatic amine dehydrogenase and azurin". Biochemistry 34 (38): 12249–12254. doi:10.1021/bi00038a020. PMID 7547967.
3. Hyun, Y.L., Zhu, Z. and Davidson, V.L. (1999). "Gated and ungated electron transfer reactions from aromatic amine dehydrogenase to azurin". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (41): 29081–29086. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.41.29081. PMID 10506161.
4. Davidson, V.L. (2004). "Electron transfer in quinoproteins". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 428 (1): 32–40. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.022. PMID 15234267.
5. Sukumar, N., Chen, Z.W., Ferrari, D., Merli, A., Rossi, G.L., Bellamy, H.D., Chistoserdov, A., Davidson, V.L. and Mathews, F.S. (2006). "Crystal structure of an electron transfer complex between aromatic amine dehydrogenase and azurin from Alcaligenes faecalis". Biochemistry 45 (45): 13500–13510. doi:10.1021/bi0612972. PMID 17087503.
6. Masgrau, L; Roujeinikova, A; Johannissen, LO; Hothi, P; Basran, J; Ranaghan, KE; Mulholland, AJ; Sutcliffe, MJ; Scrutton, NS; Leys, D (14 April 2006). "Atomic description of an enzyme reaction dominated by proton tunneling.". Science 312 (5771): 237–41. doi:10.1126/science.1126002. PMID 16614214.