Art mac Cuinn

Art mac Cuinn ("son of Conn"), also known as Art Óenfer (literally "one man", used in the sense of "lone", "solitary", or "only son"),[1] was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland.

According to legend, he was not Conn's only son: he had a brother called Connla, who fell in love with a fairy woman, and went with her to Mag Mell, never to be seen again. After that, Art was alone and gained his nickname[2] (Geoffrey Keating says he had two brothers, Connla and Crionna, who were killed by their uncle Eochaid Finn).[3] Another fairy woman, Bé Chuille, who had been banished to Ireland by the Tuatha Dé Danann, fell in love with Art, but, when she learned his father Conn was still alive and a widower, agreed to marry him instead, on the condition that Art be banished from Tara for a year. The injustice caused famine in Ireland, until Art forced Bé Chuille to leave as a forfeit in a game of fidchell.[4] In another variant of the myth, Bé Chuille places a geis on Art, after he loses at a game of fidchell; under which he must leave Ireland never to return until he can find and rescue the maiden Delbchaem ("Fair Shape"). Art travels to the Land of Wonder, facing untold dangers and is forced to kill Delbchaem's mother a fearsome and supernatural figure, who has been foretold by druids that she would be killed by a suitor of her daughter. When Art and Delbchaem return to Tara, Delbchaem banishes Bé Chuille from the land, returning fertility to the region.[5]

Art succeeded to the High Kingship after his brother-in-law Conaire Cóem, was killed by Nemed, son of Sroibcenn, in the battle of Gruitine. He ruled for twenty or thirty years. During his reign Conaire's sons took revenge against Nemed and his allies, the sons of Ailill Aulom, in the Battle of Cennfebrat in Munster. Ailill's foster-son Lugaid mac Con was wounded in the thigh in the battle, and was exiled from Ireland. He made an alliance with Benne Brit, son of the king of Britain, raised an army of foreigners, and returned to Ireland. He defeated and killed Art in the Battle of Maigh Mucruimhe in Connacht.[6] According to legend, Art was given hospitality by Olc Acha, a local smith, the night before the battle. It had been prophesied that a great dignity would come from Olc's line, and he gave Art his daughter Achtan to sleep with. Art's son Cormac was conceived that night.[7] However, according to Keating, Achtan was Art's official mistress, to whom he paid a dowry of cattle; his wife, and the mother of his other children, was Medb Lethderg.[8]

The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises Art's reign with that of the Roman emperor Commodus (180–192).[9] The chronology of Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 143–173, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 165–195.

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fedlimid Rechtmar
 
Cathaír Mór
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conn Cétchathach
 
Eithne Táebfada
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medb Lethderg
 
Art mac Cuinn
 
Achtan
 
Saruit
 
Macnia mac Lugdach
 
Sadb
 
Conaire Cóem
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cormac mac Airt
 
Eithne Ollamda
 
Lugaid mac Con
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cairbre Lifechair
 
Diarmuid Ua Duibhne
 
Gráinne
 
Fionn mac Cumhaill
 
Aillbe
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Connachta
 
Uí Néill
 
Airgíalla
 
Colla Da Chrioch
 
Uí Maine

References

  1. Dictionary of the Irish Language, Compact Edition, Royal Irish Academy, 1990, pp. 299-300, 485
  2. "The Adventures of Connla the Fair", Cross & Slover 1936, pp. 488-490
  3. Geoffrey Keating, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn 1.41
  4. "The Adventures of Art son of Conn", Cross & Slover 1936, pp. 491-502
  5. Mountain, Harry (1998). The Celtic Encyclopedia, Volume 2. Universal Publishers. p. 330. ISBN 9781581128918.
  6. Annals of the Four Masters M165-195
  7. "The Battle of Mag Mucrama" (translator unknown)
  8. Geoffrey Keating, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn 1.43
  9. R. A. Stewart Macalister (ed. & trans.), Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V, Irish Texts Society, 1956, p. 335
Preceded by
Conaire Cóem
High King of Ireland
LGE 2nd century AD
FFE AD 143–173
AFM AD 165–195
Succeeded by
Lugaid mac Con
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