Arthur Ashpitel

Arthur Ashpitel (1807–1869) was a British architect.

Life

Ashpitel's church of St Barnabas at Homerton

Early years

Ashpitel, the son of the architect William Hurst Ashpitel, was born in Hackney, London in 1807. He was educated at Dr. Burnet's school in Hackney and trained as an architect under his father, but two childhood accidents damaged his health, and he did not set up in practice until 1842.^[1] One of his first projects was the redevelopment of a site in Houndsditch for Andrew Kennedy Hutchison, on which he built the Hutchison Markets, the Palace Tavern, and between 40 and 50 houses. In 1845 he built the church of St Barnabas at Homerton, a Gothic Revival design in Kentish Ragstone, fitted, unusually for the date, with gas lighting. He later added a parsonage,a north aisle and a vestry.^[1]

Partnership with John Whichcord Jr.

"Maidstone baths", a plate from Ashpitel's Observations on Baths and Wash-houses (1851)

In 1850 he entered into partnership with John Whichcord Jr.. Together they designed and superintended the erection of baths and washhouses at Swansea, Maidstone, Lambeth, and elsewhere, and published a pamphlet entitled Observations on Baths and Wash-houses (1851)^[2] They also designed churches, private houses, and the Ophthalmic Hospital and Kent Infirmary at Maidstone. They turned their attention to the improvement of dwellings for the labouring classes, and, for a committee, erected a block of dwellings for artisans at Lambeth. They promoted the idea of living in flats in a publication called Town Dwellings: an essay on the erection of fireproof houses in flats. Ashpitel was also responsible for design of the "Wellington Testimonial" a clock tower erected at the southern end of Southwark Bridge, but removed soon after as an obstruction to traffic.^[1] At Blackheath he built St John the Evangelist's Church (1852).^[3]

Later career

In 1853 he left England in the company of David Roberts, R.A., and lived for some time in Rome.^[4] An attack of malaria, suffered in Piedmont further damaged his health. In 1855, he dissolved the partnership with Whichcord, but continued to accept commissions.^[1]

For the Rev. James Reynolds, with whom he had been to school he restored a chapel at Great Ilford, Essex, which had once belonged to a leper hospital, in 1854, adding a porch, and building a residence for it; and wrote a history of the building in 1858.^[1] In 1861 he designed a Venetian Gothic facade for a public house in Red Cross Street in the City of London, described by Wyatt Papworth as "probably the first attempt to render the mediaeval style appropriate for such a business".^[1] In 1861 he rebuilt St Mary's Church, Ripple, Kent, on its original Norman foundations,^[1][3] in a Romanesque style, in imitation of St. Nicholas, Barfreston.^[5] He also restored Sutton Church, about a mile away,^[1] adding an apse, its windows once again copied from those at Barfreston.^[6] In 1862 he built the church at Aldborough Hatch in Essex.^[1]

In 1864 he built schools accommodating seven hundred children for the district of Holy Trinity at Hoxton, at a cost of about £3000. In 1865 he rebuilt the tower and spire of Great Ilford Church and two years later elaborated and enlarged the plain brick church (erected in about 1825), inserting new windows and creating a polygonal chancel and adding a parsonage, all his works there being in a Venetian Gothic style. His last work was a design for twelve almshouses at Clewer, near Windsor, built at the cost of one of his sisters; they were constructed after his death under the supervision of John Whichcord.^[1] He also designed the ornament cast on the Westminster Bell, known as " Big Ben" and assisted E. M. Barry in researching his design for the new Charing Cross.^[1]

Following his Roman studies he exhibited two drawings at the Royal Academy, a Restoration of Ancient Rome, and Rome As It Is.^[4] They were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1858 and 1859 respectively, and were reproduced as chromolithographs, with an explanatory pamphlet.^[1]

Writings

Ashpitel was a prolific writer who contributed to magazines and to the transactions of learned societies. He first appeared in print at the age of sixteen, with a poem published in the Weekly Literary Magnet. In 1836 he published The Reign of Humbug: a Satire and in 1841 a pamphlet. A few Facts on the Corn Laws, defending the agricultural interest.^[1] He revised Peter Nicholson's Carpenter's New Guide^[7] and several other professional works for the publisher John Weale. He contributed biographies of architects to the Encyclopædia Britannica, and papers to the Royal Institute of British Architects, and was a regular contributor to Notes and Queries and the Owl.^[1]

Death

Ashpitel died on 18 January 1869, having left a valuable collection of vases and books to the Society of Antiquaries of London, and his two drawings of Rome to the nation;^[1] they are now in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum.^[8]

He left monies for an annual architectural award in his name: the Ashpitel Prize.^[9]

References

1. "Arthur Ashpitel". Transactions of the Institute of Surveyors 1: 344–8. 1869. Retrieved 6 October 2011..
2. http://www.bathsandwashhouses.co.uk/archive/archive-books-documents retrieved 23 May 2011
3. Homan, Roger (1984). The Victorian Churches of Kent. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. p. 105. ISBN 0-85033-466-7.
4.  "Ashpitel, Arthur". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
5. Historic England. "Details from image database (428175)". Images of England.
6. Historic England. "Details from image database (28205)". Images of England.
7. First proofs of the Universal catalogue of books on art: Supplement to the Universal catalogue of books on art. Chapman and Hall. 1870. p. 1466.
8. "Rome as it is, from the Palatine Hill". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
9. Dictionary of Scottish Architects:TP Marwick

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Ashpitel, Arthur". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.