Āryāvarta

The approximate extent of the Vedic period Āryāvarta is highlighted in pale yellow

Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. abode of Aryans, Sanskrit pronunciation: [aːɾjaːˈʋəɾtə]) is the historic name for the present-day northern Indian Subcontinent, including the territories north of Vindhyas in India, Nepal and the provinces of Punjab and Sindh in Pakistan, as per the classical Sanskrit literature. This is the region where the historic "Aryans" (early Indo-Aryans) settled down.

Classical sources

The Manusmṛti (2.22) gives the name to "the tract between the Himalaya and the Vindhya ranges, from the Eastern Sea (Bay of Bengal) to the Western Sea (Arabian Sea)".[1][2]

The Vasistha Dharma Sutra I.8-9 and 12-13 locates the Āryāvarta to the east of the disappearance of the Sarasvati River in the desert, to the west of the Kālakavana, to the north of the Pariyatra Mountains and the Vindhya Range and to the south of the Himalayas.[3]

The Baudhayana Dharmasutra (BDS) 1.1.2.10 gives similar definitions and declares that Āryāvarta is the land that lies west of Kālakavana, east of Adarsana, south of the Himalayas and north of the Vindhyas, but in BDS 1.1.2.11 Āryāvarta is confined to the doab of the Ganges-Yamuna, and BDS 1.1.2.13-15. Patanjali's Mahābhāṣya defines Āryāvarta like the Vasistha Dharmasutra.

Some sutras recommend expiatory acts for those who have crossed the boundaries of Āryāvarta. The Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra recommends this for those who have crossed the boundaries of Āryāvarta and ventured into far away places.

The Gurjara-Pratihara king in the tenth century was titled the Maharajadhiraja of Aryavarta.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 70.
  2. ↑ Michael Cook (2014), Ancient Religions, Modern Politics: The Islamic Case in Comparative Perspective, Princeton University Press, p.68: "Aryavarta [...] is defined by Manu as extending from the Himalayas in the north to the Vindhyas of Central India in the south and from the sea in the west to the sea in the east."
  3. ↑ Neelis 2010, p. 194.
  4. ↑ André Wink (2002). Al-Hind: Early medieval India and the expansion of Islam, 7th-11th centuries. BRILL. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-391-04173-8.

Bibliography

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