Ashide

Ashide 阿史德 - one of the dominant general and empress clan of Turkic Khaganate.

The origin

Ashide led his descent from some ancient khagan.^[1]

The representatives of clan Ashide

The baga-tarkhan (military leader) of four Göktürk khagans - Tonyukuk was Ashide clan origin. And from Ashide was mother of Chinese warlord - An Lushan.

Tamga Ashide

Ashide and Ashina

Historian S.G.Kjyashtorny said that originally Ashina and Ashide together were dual system, so well known among the Turkic and Mongolian peoples.^[2]^[3]

Chiefs Ashide bore the title Irkin (Erkin) common to tribal leaders in the Turkic Khaganate. However, their particular position is determined by kinship with the dynasty; no coincidence that one of Irkin Ashide tegin held the title - 'the prince of the royal family, prince'. Ashide clan was not is one root, so in the "Tang Shu" mentioned Da Ashide and Bayan Ashide; their tamgas differ from tamgas of Ashide.^[4]

To the end of VII-VIII centuries, probably be more correct to speak about Ashide as one of the tribes of the khaganate, which together with Ashina was the main military and political support of Turkic dynasty. Ashide leaders initiated the liberation revolt of the Turkuts (679-682) against Tang dynasty.^[5]

Genetics (Data of Y-DNA)

In 2015-2016 yy. in Fudan University (Shanghai), headed by ethnogenomist Shao-Qing Wen (文少卿) in China were tested to determine the Y-DNA haplogroup the representatives from aristocratic Turkic clan Ashide.

Subclade of clan Ashide: Q1a-L53.^[6]

Note: All information above (about DNA results of Ashina and Ashide) is caused by misunderstanding of personal communication between Shaoqing Wen.and B.A. Muratov&R.R. Suyunov. All the so called "DNA results" are wrong and unproved. B.A. Muratov&R.R. Suyunov do not have authorization from Shaoqing Wen. We had noticed B.A. Muratov&R.R. Suyunov to withdraw all relative information from all media. Ryan Wei, 16/03/2016

Ethnonym

In ancient Chinese texts "Ashide" is shaped 阿史德, for example: 阿史德等 (translation: "They [clan of] Ashide"). Availability Form "Ashina" indicates the semantic aspect of the data forms. Character 阿 has semantics "prefix names, clan of"; Character semantics 史 has "historical, ancient '; Character semantics 德 has "a blessing and happiness." Therefore, the shape 阿史德 can translate as "the dear old [race] happiness." As can be seen, the name or semantics of Göktürks (referred hieroglyph 德 ["happiness"]). On Proto-Altaic language semantics "respected" - * p "ĕro; on the Proto-Turkic language - * er. On Proto-Altaic language semantics" ancient "- * bằǯá; on the Proto-Turkic language - * baja. On Proto-Altaic language semantics" happiness "- * kùt" á ; on Proto-Turkic language - * kut. As can be seen, the shape 阿史德 praaltaysky translated into the language as follows: "* p" ĕro bằǯá * kùt "á"; on Turkic language - "* er baja kut". Therefore, the token on Proto-Turkic language "kut" was the name of one of the dominant clan - Turkuts.

In the body of Talas inscriptions has reported Qutlugh clan. "Qutluγ (a) oγulan ïn ulatïq" - "to raise a son [of the clan] Qutlugh" (written monument Talas IX); "Qutluγ Özünčü esiz Özüge" - "Ozunchu [clan of] Qutlugh left without master Ozuge" (written monument Talas IX).

Consequently, the comparative analysis drevnekitaykogo and Turkic languages, as well as analysis of the housing Talas written sources allows the following conclusions:

1. Form 阿史德 ["Ashide"] is the semantic aspect.

2. In the form 阿史德 ["Ashide"] hieroglyph 德 is the name of one of the dominant clan of Turkuts.

3. Form 阿史德 ["Ashide"] translated into Turkic language follows "* er baja kut" - "dear old [race] happiness"

4. Character 德 [kut] means the token "Qutlugh" - "Happy", where the affix "meadow" is the affix of belonging, referred to the original form, for example "+ molecules meadow" - "having a slave"

5. One of the dominant clan of Turkuts ("Ashide") called "Qutlugh|Kutlug"

Göktürks

Turkic Khaganate	Bumin Qaghan Issik Qaghan Muqan Qaghan Taspar Qaghan Ashina Anluo Ishbara Qaghan Bagha Qaghan Tulan Qaghan (Istämi) (Empress Ashina) (Apa Qaghan) (Tamgan) Tardu

Western Turkic Khaganate	Niri Qaghan Heshana Khan Sheguy Tong Yabghu Qaghan Külüg Sibir Irbis Bolun Cabgu Dulu Khan Ishbara Qaghan Yukuk Shad Irbis Seguy Hallig (Bagha Shad) (Böri Shad)

Eastern Turkic Khaganate	Yami Qaghan Shibi Qaghan Chulo Qaghan Illig Qaghan Qilibi Qaghan Chebi Qaghan Ashina Nishufu Ashina Funian (Ashina Jiesheshuai)

Second Turkic Khaganate	Ilterish Qaghan Qapaghan Qaghan Inel Khagan Bilge Khagan Yollıg Khagan Tengli Khagan Kutluk Yabgu Khagan Irterish Qaghan Özmiş Khagan Kulun Beg (Kul Tigin) (Tonyukuk)

Göktürk culture	Ashina clan Ashide clan Tengrism Asena Otukan Suyab Khagan Kurultai Yabgu Ishad Elteber Old Turkic language Old Turkic alphabet Orkhon inscriptions Orkhon Valley Tang Dynasty Göktürks Ülüş system

Göktürk wars and treaties	Göktürk civil war Göktürk–Persian Wars(First, Second, Third) Tang Eastern Tujue campaign Xueyantuo Tang Western Tujue campaigns (Western Regions Karasahr Kucha Conquest) Ili River Treaty

References

↑ Pulleyblank E.A Sogdian Colony in Inner Mongolia. — ТР. Vol. 41, 1952, Р.332.
↑ Абрамзон С.М. Формы родоплеменной организации у кочевников Средней Азии. — ТИЭ. Н. сер. Т. 14. М., 1951. ↑ Жданко Т.А. Очерки исторической этнографии каракалпаков. М.-Л., 1950 (ТИЭ, н. сер., т. 9).
↑ Жданко Т.А. Очерки исторической этнографии каракалпаков. М.-Л., 1950 (ТИЭ, н. сер., т. 9).
↑ Liu Mau-tsai. Die chinesischen Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Ost-Türken. 1-2. Weisbaden, 1958. (101/102)
↑ Кляшторный.Г. Древнетюркская надпись на каменном изваянии из Чойрэна//СНВ. Вып. XXII. М.: 1980. С. 90-102
↑ Wen S.-Q., Muratov B.A., Suyunov R.R. The haplogroups of the representatives from ancient Turkic clans - Ashina and Ashide//BEHPS, ISSN 2410-1788, Volume 3, №2[1,2], March 2016, P.154-157.

Bibliography

Азат Абдысадыр уулу: Первые из тюрков. Тюркютские роды "Ашина" и "Ашидэ"
Кляшторный.Г. Древнетюркская надпись на каменном изваянии из Чойрэна//СНВ. Вып. XXII. М.: 1980. С. 90-102.

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