Ashikaga Yoshitane

Ashikaga Yoshitane

In this Japanese name, the family name is Ashikaga.

Ashikaga Yoshitane (足利義稙, September 9, 1466 – May 23, 1523), also known as Ashikaga Yoshiki (足利義材), was the 10th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who headed the shogunate first from 1490 to 1493^[1] and then again from 1508 to 1521 during the Muromachi period of Japan.^[2]

Yoshitane was the son of Ashikaga Yoshimi and grandson of the sixth shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori. In his early life, he was named Yoshiki (sometimes translated as Yoshimura), and then Yoshitada^[3] — including the period of when he is first installed as shogun; however, he changed his name to Yoshitane in 1501 in a period when he was temporarily exiled, and it is by this name that he is generally known today.^[4]

The 9th shogun Ashikaga Yoshihisa died in 1489 on a battlefield of southern Omi province. Yoshihisa left no heir; and Yoshitane became Seii Taishogun a year later.^[5]

Events of Yoshitane's bakufu

Significant events which shaped the period during which Yoshitane was shogun:^[3]

1490—Yoshitane appointed shogun.^[3]
1491 – Hōjō Sōun gains control of Izu.^[3]
1493 – Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo forces Yoshitane to abdicate.^[3]
1500 – Emperor Go-Kashiwabara accedes.^[3]
1508 – Ōuchi Yoshioki restores Yoshitane.^[3]
1520—Dissension over Hosokawa succession; Takakuni becomes Kanryō; Yoshitane opposes Takakuni and the Kanryō is driven out.^[3]
1521 – Emperor Go-Kashiwabara ^[3] appoints Ashikaga Yoshiharu shogun.

In 1493, Yoshitane lost in a power struggle against Hosokawa Masamoto and was formally replaced by the eleventh shogun, Ashikaga Yoshizumi.^[6]

In 1508, with the support of Ōuchi Yoshioki, Yoshitane regained the position of Seii Taishogun from Yoshizumi.^[7]

Eventually, after a further power struggle with the Hosokawa clan and Hosokawa Takakuni, Yoshitane was forced to withdraw to Awaji Island. He died in Awa province, on the island of Shikoku.^[8]

Hosokawa Takakuni arranged for the replacement of Yoshitane with the twelfth shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiharu.^[8]

Yoshitane's heirs and successors

Shogun Yoshitane adopted the son of a cousin, Yoshizumi, and he designated Yoshitsuna as his heir and as his anticipated successor as shogun.^[9] However, when Yoshitane died prematurely, he was not succeeded by who he had chosen; rather, his father's newly designated heir was accepted by the shogunate as Shogun Yoshizumi.^[10]

In other words, after the death of his son, Shogun Yoshimasa adopted the son of his brother, Yoshimi. After the death of his adopted son, Yoshimasa adopted the son of another brother, Masatomo. Shogun Yoshimasa was succeeded by Shogun Yoshihisa (Yoshimasa's natural son), then by Shogun Yoshitane (Yoshimasa's first adopted son), and then by Shogun Yoshizumi (Yoshimasa's second adopted son). Yoshizumi's progeny would become shoguns in due course.^[10]

Eventually, the great-grandson of Yoshitane would be installed as a puppet shogun for a brief period, but external power struggles would unseat him, and the Ashikaga dynasty of shoguns would end.^[10]

Eras of Yoshitane's bakufu

The years in which Yoshitane was shogun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.^[11]

Entoku (1489–1492)
Meiō (1492–1501)
Bunki (1501–1504)
Eishō (1504–1521)
Daiei (1521–1528)

Notes

↑ Titsigh, Issac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 361–362., p. 361, at Google Books
↑ Titsingh, pp. 367–371., p. 367, at Google Books
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ackroyd, p. 331.
↑ Titsingh, p. 364., p. 364, at Google Books
↑ Titsingh, p. 361., p. 361, at Google Books
↑ Titsingh, p. 362., p. 362, at Google Books
↑ Titsingh, p. 366–367., p. 366, at Google Books
1 2 Titsingh, p. 370., p. 370, at Google Books
↑ Ackroyd, p. 385 n104; excerpt, "Some apparent contradictions exist in various versions of the pedigree owing to adoptions and name-changes. Yoshitsuna (sometimes also read Yoshikore) changed his name and was adopted by Yoshitane. Some pedigrees show Yoshitsuna as Yoshizumi's son, and Yoshifuyu as Yoshizumi's son."
1 2 3 Ackroyd, p. 298.
↑ Titsingh, pp. 352–372., p. 352, at Google Books

References

Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702214851; OCLC 7574544
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.

Preceded by Ashikaga Yoshihisa	Muromachi Shogun 1490–1493	Succeeded by Ashikaga Yoshizumi
Preceded by Ashikaga Yoshizumi	Muromachi Shogun 1508–1521	Succeeded by Ashikaga Yoshiharu

Ashikaga family tree

Takauji ⁽¹⁾
1305–1338–1358

Yoshiakira⁽²⁾
1330–1358-1367–1368

Yoshimitsu⁽³⁾
1358–1367-1395–1408

Yoshimochi⁽⁴⁾
1386–1395-1423–1428

Yoshikazu⁽⁵⁾
1407–1423–1425

Yoshinori⁽⁶⁾
1394–1428–1441

Yoshikatsu⁽⁷⁾
1433–1442–1443

Masatomo
1435–1491

Yoshimasa^{(8)^{[lower-roman 1]}^{[lower-roman 2]}}
1435–1449-1474–1490

Yoshimi
1439–1491

Yoshizumi^{(11)^{[lower-roman 1]}}
1478–1493-1508–1513

Yoshihisa^{(9)^{[lower-roman 1]}}
1465–1474–1489

Yoshitane^{(10)^{[lower-roman 1]}}
1465–1490-1493+1508-1521–1522

Yoshiharu⁽¹²⁾
1510–1521-1545–1550

Yoshitsuna
1509–1573

Yoshiteru⁽¹³⁾
1535–1545–1565

Yoshiaki⁽¹⁵⁾
1537–1568-1573–1597

Yoshihide⁽¹⁴⁾
1538–1564–1568

Notes:

1 2 3 4 Yoshimasa's successors were Yoshihisa (son), Yoshitane (first adopted son) and Yoshizumi (second adopted son)
↑ The broken lines indicate adoptions within the shogunal clan

Chronology, dates and paternity of the Ashikaga shoguns

	Name	Lived	Reigned	Son of
1st	Takauji	1305–1358	1338–1358	Sadauji
2nd	Yoshiakira	1330–1368	1358–1367	Takauji
3rd	Yoshimitsu	1358–1408	1367–1395	Yoshiakira
4th	Yoshimochi	1386–1428	1395–1423	Yoshimitsu
5th	Yoshikazu	1407–1425	1423–1425	Yoshimochi
6th	Yoshinori	1394–1441	1428–1441	Yoshimitsu
7th	Yoshikatsu	1433–1443	1442–1443	Yoshinori
8th	Yoshimasa	1435–1490	1449–1474	Yoshinori

	Name	Lived	Reigned	Son of
9th	Yoshihisa	1465–1489	1474–1489	Yoshimasa
10th	Yoshitane	1465–1522	1490–1493 1508–1521	Yoshimi
11th	Yoshizumi	1478–1513	1493–1508	Masatomo
12th	Yoshiharu	1510–1550	1521–1545	Yoshizumi
13th	Yoshiteru	1535–1565	1545–1565	Yoshiharu
14th	Yosihide	1538–1568	1564–1568	Yoshitsuna
15th	Yoshiaki	1537–1597	1568–1573	Yoshiharu

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