Assassination of Ziaur Rahman
Ziaur Rahman, the president of Bangladesh, was assassinated by a faction of officers of Bangladesh Army, on 30 May 1981, in the south-eastern port city of Chittagong. Zia went to Chittagong to arbitrate in a clash between the local leaders of his political party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. On the night of 30 May, a group of officers commandeered the Chittagong Circuit House, a government residence where Zia was staying, shooting dead Zia and several others.
Events on 30 May 1981
At 4 AM, three teams of army officers attacked the Chittagong Circuit House where Ziaur Rahman was asleep. In all there were 16 army officers as soldiers refused to join. They had eleven SMGs, three Rocket Launchers and three grenade firing rifles. The important fact was all members of the attacking team were commissioned officers.
Main leaders of this attacking team were Lt.Colonel Matiur Rahman (killed trying to escape), Lt. Colonel Mahbub (killed trying to escape) and Major Khaled (escaped) Lieutenant Colonel Fazle Hossain started the attack by launching two rockets towards the circuit house which created to large hole in the building. The officers then searched room to room for Ziaur Rahman. Major Mojaffar (escaped) and Captain Moslehdudin found president first. Mosleh Uddin (caught and served life prison, was in USA as of 2010) informed Zia that they would take him to the cantonmnet. Shortly afterwards, however, Colonel Matiur Rahman arrived with another team and shot Zia from close range with a SMG.
Aftermath
After the assassination of Ziaur Rahman on 30 May 1981, Hussain Muhammad Ershad, the Chief of Army Staff, remained loyal[1] to the government and ordered the army to suppress the coup attempt of Zia's associates led by Major General Abul Manzoor.
Government ordered the rebel force to surrender and gave them a time limit. Most soldiers including officers who took part in the mission to attack in Chittagong Circuit House did surrender and so the leading officer including GOC Manjoor were trying to escape towards Chittagong Hill Tracts. On the way they were intervened by government-sent force. Colonel Matiur Rahman and Lt Colonel Mahub (chief of 21st East Bengal, nephew of Manjoor) were shot to death by Major Mannan (a Pakistan return officer, 2IC of 12 Engineer Battalion).
General Manjoor was caught at Fatikchhari by both Police and Army force while Manjoor and his wife were feeding their children inside a tea garden. However, he surrendered to Police and he was taken to Hathazari thana. General Manjoor requested a lawyer, which he was refused. He then asked to be sent to Chittagong jail, otherwise he said, the army would kill him. But when he got on the police van, an army squad arrived at the prison and after some debate a certain Nayeb Subadar caught General Manjoor's hand and forced him towards the army vehicle. He was then blinded and hands were tightened. However, what happened afterwards was never released by the Government and was classified.But the government later announced that General Manjoor has been killed by unruly soldiers who were enraged after knowing that General Manjoor was the key conspirator of the assassination.
Manzoor's death – at first described as having been at the hands of an "enraged mob", but later shown in an autopsy report to have been via a gunshot to the back of the head – added to the mystery. The rest of the conspirators were tried in military court, and given sentences ranging from the death penalty to imprisonment.
Following Zia's death, Vice President of Bangladesh Justice Abdus Sattar became Acting President. He was elected in a popular vote in December 1981 but was deposed on 24 March 1982 by a bloodless coup by Ershad.
One of the accused of Zia's murder case, captain (Rtd.) Giasuddin Ahmed is now an Awami League member of Jatiya Sangshad from Gaffargaon Upazila, Mymensingh District.
12 officers mostly 1971 veterans, were hanged for their alleged involvement in the 30 May killing of president Ziaur Rahman after a hasty trial in a military court that completed the trial process only in 18 days. The 13th officer was hanged two years later as he was being treated for bullet wounds he had received during the 30 May incident in Chittagong.
Trial
18 officers were brought before a Military tribunal, 13 were sentenced to death whilst 5 were given varying prison sentences. The officers were arrested between 1 and 3 June 1981 and a Court Martial, chaired by Major General Abdur Rahman began at Chittagong Central Jail on 10 July 1981 and ended on 28 July 1981. 12 officers were executed. Major General Abdur Rahman, a Pakistan returned officer, was later sent to France in 1983/84 as ambassador, dying there mysteriously; his family claimed General Rahman was killed by the government of Bangladesh.[2]
Executed officers
- Brigadier Mohsin Uddin Ahmed
- Colonel Nawajesh Uddin
- Colonel M Abdur Rashid
- Lt Colonel l AYM Mahfuzur Rahman
- Lt Colonel M Delwar Hossain
- Lt Colonel Shah Md Fazle Hossain
(executed on 30 September 1983, hanged while physically totally unfit ) [3] - Major AZ Giashuddin Ahmed
- Major Rawshan Yazdani Bhuiyan
- Major Kazi Mominul Haque
- Major M Mojibur Rahman
- Captain Mohammad Abdus Sattar
- Captain Jamil Haque
- Lt Mohammad Rafiqul Hassan Khan, aged 23 when hanged
(Rafiq later claimed he was on mission under order from his superior officer, without knowledge of the mission.) The army prosecutors, who were appointed to defend these 13 suspected officers later called the trial a 'farcical trial' as they all were denied the minimal opportunity to defend.
Sentenced to Prison
- Lt Mosleh Uddin. (life sentence, as 2010 was living in USA)
(Mosleh udding was younger brother of Brigadier Mohsin Uddin Ahmed, who was sentenced to be executed. As elder brother was sentenced to die, younger brother was not given death sentence.)
Removed officers
Following officers were removed from Army.[4]
- Brigadier Abu Said Matiul Hannan Shah
- Brigadier AKM Azizul Islam
- Brigadier Gias Uddin Ahmed Chodhury (Bir Bikram)
- Brigadier Abu Jafar Aminul Huque (Bir Bikram)
- Colonel Md. Bajlul goni patwari (Bir Protik)
- Lt. Colonel AS Enamul Huque
- Lt.Colonel Md. Jainul Abedin
- Lt. Colonel Md. Abdul Hannan (Bir Protik)
- Major Manjur Ahmed (Bir Protik)
- Major Wakar Hassan (Bir Protik)
- Major Md. Abdul Jalil
- Major Rafiqul Islam
- Major MD. Abdus Salam
- Major AKM Rezaul Islam (Bir Protik)
- Major Md. Asaduzzaman
- Captain Jahirul Huque Khan (Bir Protik)
- Captain Majharul Huque
- Captain ASM Abdul Hai
- Captain Ilyas (was in Rajshahi jail with Brig. Mohsin)
- Lt. Abul Hasem
References
- ↑ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 30 | 1981: Bangladeshi president assassinated". BBC News. 30 May 1981. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
- ↑ http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=106746
- ↑ The army prosecutors, who were appointed to defend these 13 suspected officers later called the trial a 'farcical trial' as they all were denied the minimal opportunity to defend.
- ↑ samakal.com.bd
External links
- Mascarenhas, Anthony. Bangladesh: A Legacy of Blood. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1986.
- Lifschultz, Lawrence. Bangladesh: The Unfinished Revolution. London: Zed Books, 1979.
- Ali, Tariq. Pakistan: military rule or people's power?". London: Cape, 1970.
Coordinates: 22°20′54″N 91°49′26″E / 22.3482°N 91.8239°E