August Dvorak

August Dvorak
Born	May 5, 1894 Glencoe, Minnesota, United States
Died	October 10, 1975 (aged 81)
Occupation	Psychologist, Professor, Designer

August Dvorak (May 5, 1894 – October 10, 1975^[1]) was an American educational psychologist and professor of education^[2] at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington.^[3] He and his brother-in-law, William Dealey, are best known for creating the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layout in the 1930s as a replacement for the QWERTY keyboard layout. In the 1940s, Dvorak designed keyboard layouts for people with the use of one hand.^[4]

Dvorak and Dealey, along with Nellie Merrick and Gertrude Ford, wrote the book Typewriting Behavior, published in 1936. The book, currently not in print, is an in-depth report on the psychology and physiology of typing.

Dvorak was the captain of a Gato-class submarine in the United States Navy during World War II.^[5] He was distantly related to the Czech composer Antonín Dvořák. While the composer's name is pronounced [ˈdvɔr̝ɑːk]), with the ř roughly as a simultaneous trilled [r] and [ʒ], August Dvorak's family in the U.S. pronounces it /ˈdvɔːræk/, with an English r.^[6][5]

References

1. Cassingham, R. C. (1986). The Dvorak Keyboard. Freelance Communications. ISBN 0-935309-10-1. Page 5.
2. Cassingham, page 32.
3. Dvorak, August et al. (1936). Typewriting Behavior. American Book Company. Title page.
4. The first such machine built in accordance with Dvorak's one-handed layout was designed and constructed by Martin Tytell, also known a "Mr. Typewriter", of New York City. Kursh, Harry. Mechanix Illustrated, January 1951, pp. 74 et seq. See Meet Mr. Typewriter
5. Pournelle, Jerry (September 1985). "PC, Peripherals, Programs, and People". BYTE. p. 347. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
6. Cassingham, page 15.

External links

• Photograph: August Dvorak and typing class at University of Washington, Seattle (November 14, 1932)
• Dvorak Keyboard Claims
• Dvorak Keyboard Magazine
• Dvorak keyboard layout, Spanish variant