Austen submachine gun

Austen Submachine gun
An Austen Mark 1 submachine gun
Type	Submachine gun
Place of origin	Australia
Service history
In service	1942–1945
Used by	Australia
Wars	World War II Rhodesian Bush War[1]
Production history
Produced	1942–1944
Number built	Mk I : 19,914 Mk II : 200
Variants	Mark I, Mark II
Specifications
Weight	3.98 kg (8.8 lb) empty
Length	(stock closed/open): 552 mm / 732 mm
Barrel length	198 mm (7.87 in)
Cartridge	9×19mm Parabellum
Calibre	9 mm
Action	Blowback
Rate of fire	500 round/min
Muzzle velocity	366 m/s (1,200 ft/s)
Feed system	32-round Sten-compatible box magazine

The Austen (from "Australian Sten") was a 9×19mm Australian submachine gun derived from the British Sten gun developed during the Second World War. In total 19,914 Austens were produced during the war by Diecasters Ltd of Melbourne and W. T. Carmichael Ltd of Sydney.

Design and development

With the war in Europe demanding most of the available material for the British, Australia was not in a position to purchase weapons from the United Kingdom or the United States and so they had to develop their own submachine guns. The British Sten submachine gun was taken as the basis for the Austen.^[2] The barrel, body (receiver) and trigger mechanism of the Mark II Sten were copied, while the folding stock and bolt, with separate firing pin and telescopic cover over the return spring, were copied from the German MP40.^[2] The folding stock also included a screwdriver and a cleaning rod which both unscrewed from the tubes of the stock. The weapon also featured twin pistol style grips (also copied from the MP40); the latter containing a small spare parts container inside. The weapon had a selective-fire feature permitting the firer to fire single shots or fully automatic at 500 rounds per minute.^[2]

An interesting production feature of the Austen was that some parts were manufactured by the diecasting process. These parts were the magazine housing, part of the mechanism for the stock and the forward half of the magazine. The magazine loader was also diecast. The two firms manufacturing the Austen were specialist diecasting companies.

There was a suppressed version made for use by Z Special Force.

An improved version, the Mark II Austen, which had an accompanying dagger type bayonet that was designed to fit over the muzzle compensator was designed, expanding on the use of diecasting, and produced in limited numbers with only 200 examples of this model being produced.

The Austen never achieved the level of popularity that the Owen gun achieved.^[2] This was largely because the Owen was a very reliable weapon and although the Austen was an improvement on the basic Sten, it was never able to achieve the Owen's reliability.^[2] Additionally, it has been asserted that the Owen was much more suited to jungle warfare. No doubt the Austen's side mounted magazine and bolt proved a hindrance to soldiers in the jungle, as this aspect necessarily meant that the working parts were more exposed to dirt and therefore prone to fouling due to the cocking slot's position on the right hand side of the body.

An obsolete weapon in 1945 and positively archaic afterwards, the Austen was rarely used in subsequent decades. In contrast, the Owen would remain in use into the 1960s.^[3]

Notes

1. Small Arms (Museum exhibit), Saxonwold, Johannesburg: South African National Museum of Military History, 2012
2. McNab 2001, p. 86.
3. McNab 2001, p. 87.

References

• Skennerton, Ian. (1994). Small Arms Identification: 9mm Austen MkI and 9mm Owen MkI Sub-Machine Guns - Parts Identification and Lists, S.M.G.Series Notes, Exploded Parts Drawings, Descriptions, Accessories and Fittings. Published by Ian D Skennerton. ISBN 0-949749-24-9 ISBN 978-0949749246
• McNab, Chris. (2001). Twentieth-Century Small Arms. Grange Books. ISBN 1-84013-381-3.

External links

• Special Operations Australia Australian SMGs
• Special Operations Australia Special Purpose SMGs
• Allied Weapons of WW2
• Jungle camo spray-painted Austen