Australian Taxation Office
Statutory agency overview | |
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Formed | 11 November 1910 |
Preceding agencies |
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Jurisdiction | Commonwealth of Australia |
Headquarters | Canberra |
Employees | 23,259 (at June 2014)[1] |
Annual budget | A$3.598 billion[2] |
Ministers responsible |
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Statutory agency executive |
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Website |
www |
The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is an Australian government statutory agency and the principal revenue collection body for the Australian government. The ATO has responsibility for administering the Australian federal taxation system, superannuation legislation, and other associated matters. Responsibility for the operations of the ATO are within the portfolio of the federal Treasurer.
As the Australian government's principal revenue collection body, the ATO collects income tax, goods and services tax (GST) and other federal taxes. The ATO also has responsibility for managing the Australian Business Register, delivering the Higher Education Loan Program, delivering many Australian government payments and administering key components of Australia's superannuation system.[3]
History
During the colonial period of the 1800s, a number of landholders had secured large tracts of arable land in Australia. After the states federated in 1901 to form the Commonwealth of Australia, the Commonwealth's main source of revenue was derived from indirect customs and the excise on duties on locally manufactured and imported goods. After the Labour Andrew Fisher won the Australian federal election, 1910 was concerned about large swathes of the country being under-utilised, introduced the first federal tax laws – the Bank Notes Tax Act 1910, the Land Tax Act 1910 and the Land Tax Assessment Act 1910 – to break up the large estates.[4]
George Mckay was appointed the first Commissioner of Land Taxation on 11 November 1910.[4] The first tax return forms were issued on 10 January 1911 so that landholders could be assessed for their land tax liabilities.[4] The tax was not popular. A High Court of Australia challenge to the land tax found the law to be constitutional.[4] The associated land valuations were contentious with more than 1,800 appeals and objections received by the middle of 1913.[4]
In his first year, commissioner McKay had underneath him 105 tax officers, assessed approximately 15,000 land tax returns and collected £1.3 million to £1.4 million. Over the next decade, the government introduced several new taxes, mainly to cope with the massive cost of Australia's collecting revenue to fund participation in World War I. By the end of the decade, the department employed 1,565 people and collected approximately £10.45 million in taxes.[4]
According to its 2013–14 Annual Plan, the ATO employs an average of 22,022 people.[2] In the 2012–13 financial year, the ATO collected revenues totalling $313.082 billion in individual income tax, company income tax, goods and services (GST) tax, excise and others.[5]
Commissioner
Chris Jordan was appointed Commissioner of Taxation and Registrar of the Australian Business Register on 1 January 2013. Jordan has experience in the tax arena having held influential roles in the private sector and as a government advisor. He was the chair of the Board of Taxation from June 2011 to December 2012 and a member of the Board since its inception in September 2000. Previously, he held the Chair of KPMG New South Wales and Partner in charge of the New South Wales Tax and Legal Division of KPMG. He also served as chair of the Business Tax Working Group and Chair of the New Tax System Advisory Board.[6]
The Australian Taxation Office has been headed by twelve Commissioners of Taxation:
- George McKay – 1910–16
- Robert Ewing – 1917–39
- Lawrence Jackson – 1939–46
- Patrick McGovern – 1946–61
- John O'Sullivan – 1961–63
- Daniel Canavan – 1963–64
- Edward Cain – 1964–76
- William (Bill) O'Reilly – 1976–84
- Trevor Boucher – 1984–93
- Michael Carmody – 1993–2005
- Michael D'Ascenzo – 2005–12
- Chris Jordan – 2013–present
Organisational structure
The Commissioner of Taxation is responsible for the general administration of the tax system and the ATO. The Commissioner of Taxation and three Second Commissioners of Taxation are each appointed for a term of seven years. The Commissioner and Second Commissioners are eligible for re-appointment after each term.[7] The current Commissioner of Taxation is Chris Jordan (appointed in January 2013), the previous Commissioner was Michael D'Ascenzo.
The ATO's operations are managed through three groups which are headed by the organisation's three second commissioners. The groups are:
- Client Engagement
- People, systems and services
- Law, design and practice [8]
Groups are further divided into business and service lines (BSLs) which are responsible for the delivery of group priorities.
Performance
The Commissioner of Taxation is required to prepare and release an annual report each financial year. The annual report outlines the ATO's performance and achievements for each financial year.
Table 1.1 ATO net tax collections 2008–09 FY to 2012–13 FY (in $m)[9]
Financial year | 2008–09 | 2009–10 | 2010–11 | 2011–12 | 2012–13 |
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Total tax revenue | 264,534 | 253,189 | 272,976 | 301,024 | 313,082 |
Legislation
See also
References
- ↑ Australian Public Service Commission (2014), Main features:APS at a glance, archived from the original on 5 October 2014
- 1 2 "Annual Plan 2013–14" (PDF). Australian Taxation Office. 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ↑ "Who are we?". Commonwealth of Australia. 26 May 2008. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Edmonds, Leigh (2010). "The 1910s: Laying the Foundations". A brief history of the Australian Taxation Office (PDF). Australian Taxation Office. pp. 5–22. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- ↑ "Commissioner of Taxation Annual report 20112-13". Australian Taxation Office. 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ↑ "Introducing the new Commissioner". ato.gov.au. Australian Taxation Office. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ↑ "ComLaw Act Compilations – Attachment – Taxation Administration Act 1953". Commonwealth of Australia. n.d. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ↑ "Organisational Chart". Australian Taxation Office. October 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ↑ "Commissioner of Taxation Annual report 20112-13". Australian Taxation Office. 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
External links
- Australian Taxation Office
- ATO Facebook profile
- ATO Twitter profile
- Working for all Australians 1910–2010
- Annual reports
- Taxpayers' Charter