Avram Grant

Avram Grant

Grant in 2012
Personal information
Full name Avraham Grant
Date of birth (1955-02-06) 6 February 1955
Place of birth Petah Tikva, Israel
Club information
Current team
 Ghana (manager)
Youth career
Team
Hapoel Petah Tikva
Teams managed
Years Team
1972–1986 Hapoel Petah Tikva (youth)
1986–1991 Hapoel Petah Tikva
1991–1995 Maccabi Tel Aviv
1995–1996 Hapoel Haifa
1996–2000 Maccabi Tel Aviv
2000–2002 Maccabi Haifa
2002–2006 Israel
2007–2008 Chelsea
2009–2010 Portsmouth
2010–2011 West Ham United
2012 Partizan Belgrade
2014– BEC Tero Sasana (Technical Director)
2014– Ghana

Avraham "Avram" Grant (Hebrew: אברהם "אברם" גרנט‎; born Avraham Granat[1] on 6 February 1955) is an Israeli football manager. Grant has spent the majority of his career coaching and managing in Israel, winning a number of national league and cup victories with different teams, and also managing the Israeli national team for four years.

Grant moved to England in 2006 to become Technical Director of Portsmouth before being appointed Director of football at Chelsea in July 2007. Two months later, in September 2007, following the departure of José Mourinho, Grant was appointed manager of Chelsea. Despite steering the team into the Champions League final, the League Cup final and contesting the Premier League title to the last day, his contract was terminated at the end of the season.[2]

Grant returned to Portsmouth as Director of football in October 2009, and was made manager the following month.[3] After the club's relegation to the Football League Championship Grant resigned[4] and, on 3 June 2010, was appointed as manager of West Ham United,[5] a role he held up until 15 May 2011, when he was sacked after the club was relegated to the Football League Championship.[6]

On 13 January 2012, Avram Grant was named the new manager of Partizan Belgrade. After guiding Partizan to their fifth consecutive Serbian championship, Grant resigned on 14 May 2012. He is currently the coach of the Ghana national football team.[7]

Biography

Avram Grant was born Avraham Granat on 6 February 1955 in Petah Tikva, Israel. His father, Meir Granat, was born into a firmly Orthodox Jewish family in Mława, Poland. Meir's family fled to the Soviet Union in 1941, during the Second World War; there they were exiled to Kolyma, Siberia, where most of the family died. In a 2008 interview Meir recalled burying his father, Avraham Granat—after whom Grant was named—with his own hands.[8] After being repatriated to Poland after the war's end in 1945, Meir emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in violation of British policy of the time, and was arrested and detained in Cyprus.[8] He ultimately settled in Petah Tikva,[8] where he and Grant's mother Aliza Nisan, an Iraqi Jewish immigrant to Israel, met.[9]

Grant shortened his surname from Granat in the late 1980s.[8] He is married to the Israeli television personality Tzufit Grant. They have a son and a daughter.[10]

In October 2009, Grant's father died aged 82 from complications following surgery to remove a kidney stone. Grant had flown to Israel and was by his side.[11]

On 20 February 2008, Chelsea Football Club announced that Grant had received anti-Semitic death threats from unknown sources. One of the packages sent to Grant's home was said to have contained a white powder that, after investigation, proved to be harmless.[12]

On 23 December 2009, The Sun reported that an unnamed Premier League manager had been confronted by its journalists outside an alleged brothel. The newspaper declined to name the manager, citing the risk of a privacy lawsuit.[13] On 4 February 2010, it was reported that Grant was facing police questioning over an incident on 18 December 2009 at a Thai brothel in Horton Heath, Hampshire.[14]

Career

Israel

Grant's professional coaching career started at age 18, in 1972, as youth coach of his home-town team, Hapoel Petah Tikva. In 1986, After a 14-year spell in this job, he was promoted to first team coach, leading the club to two Toto Cup victories, in 1990 and 1991, thus bringing Hapoel Petah Tikva back to the top of Israeli football after nearly 25 years. During this era Petah Tikva fought regularly for the championship against Shlomo Scharf's Maccabi Haifa. In his last season in Petah Tikva, Grant lost both the championship and the Israel State Cup within 3 days to Maccabi Haifa, in a chain of events which is commonly known in Israel as "the Double robbery".[15] The next year the club won its first major title in 30 years, by winning its second-ever Israeli Cup.

The following season Grant moved to coach Maccabi Tel Aviv winning Liga Leumit (then the top division) in his first season with them, with a 13-point advantage over the second place team. Maccabi Tel Aviv lost out closely in the final of the Israeli Cup and was thus denied a historic double. The cup was won by Maccabi Tel Aviv under Grant's control, however, in 1994, followed with another championship in 1995.

Following this, Grant moved to Hapoel Haifa for what has been described as a short and unsuccessful spell, finishing fourth in the Israeli championship. Grant returned to Maccabi Tel Aviv between 1997 and 2000, although this period was less successful than his previous one at the club, winning just the Toto Cup in 1999.

Grant moved to Maccabi Haifa in 2000, where he coached until 2002. There, he led the team to great success, winning the Israeli Premier League in 2001 and 2002, as well as the Toto Cup in 2002, whilst narrowly missing out on the Israeli Cup, to miss winning the treble. In 2001 the club participated in the 2nd qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League competition against the Finnish team FC Haka. Despite winning both legs (1–0 and 4–0) with an aggregate score of 5–0 the club did not progress further. The use of Walid Badir as a substitute in the final ten minutes of the second leg while under suspension caused disqualification on the grounds of "culpable negligence" and FC Haka proceeded to the next round against Liverpool.[16]

Israeli national team

After leaving Haifa in 2002, Grant became the youngest team coach of Israel, replacing the former Denmark coach Richard Møller Nielsen. The team participated in Group 1 of the UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying round but finished third and so did not take part in the finals in Portugal.

Although not qualifying for the 2006 World Cup, Israel finished third in their qualifying group behind winners France and runners-up Switzerland. Israel missed on qualification to the finals, despite remaining undefeated in the group with four wins and six draws.

Management style

Grant is known in Israel for giving a chance to young players in almost every club he coached, such as Alon Hazan and goalkeeper Raffi Cohen at Petah Tikva, Avi Nimni and Itzik Zohar at Maccabi Tel Aviv, Gal Alberman in the Israeli team, and many more. Grant famously did not include Israeli star Eyal Berkovic in the national squad during 2005, saying he wanted to create "a younger team", but, nonetheless, retaining 34-year-old Avi Nimni. In 2007, Berkovic described the way Grant became Chelsea's manager as "disgusting" and "disrespectful".[17] Another known critic of Grant in Israel is Shlomo Scharf, who was Israel's coach during most of the 1990s.

Grant, as is also the case with another coach from Petah Tikva, past Israel coach Dror Kashtan, is considered one of the most successful Israeli coaches. He has a reputation of a lucky winner in Israel, which caused the invention of the frequently used humorous term 'Hatachat shel Avram'. This means 'Avram's Ass', a reference to the allegedly large amount of luck Grant enjoyed during the 2006 World Cup campaign.[18][19]

Congolese forward Lomana LuaLua, presently with Blackpool of the English Premier League, stated that it was Grant's encouragement and emotional support that kept him from ending his career after the loss of his son Yoshuha to pneumonia. Grant was director of football at Portsmouth during LuaLua's stint at the club.

England

In October 2005, Grant announced that he would step down from the national team as his contract was due to expire in June of the following year. Subsequently, he took up the position of Technical Director at Portsmouth in June 2006, overseeing Harry Redknapp's side.

Chelsea

Grant with Chelsea

A personal friend of Roman Abramovich, on 8 July 2007 Avram Grant was appointed Director of Football at Chelsea FC.[20] After the departure of José Mourinho from Chelsea on 20 September 2007, Grant was assigned the manager's role, with Steve Clarke, and later Henk ten Cate (on 11 October 2007) as his assistants, and becoming the first Israeli to manage an English football club.[21][22]

When he took the helm at Chelsea, Grant did not hold the required top-flight coaching certification from UEFA. In fact, he had never received the lower-level coaching cerfications from UEFA for "B" and "A" level coaching in Europe.[23] Many Chelsea fans did not take well to Grant's appointment. They protested Mourinho's departure, holding banners at games, which read "Mourinho – The Special One", and chanting Mourinho's name.[24] Chelsea stated that some of the protests directed towards Grant constituted abuse of a racist nature. Bruce Buck, chairman of Chelsea, claimed they had received points of view which are racist and anti-semitic. Buck stated: "[This] unfairly smears the reputation of the vast majority of the Chelsea fans who rightly do not want to be associated with such activity." .[25] However, many Chelsea fans felt their objections against Grant being appointed as the team's manager are justified, citing his "lack of expertise at the highest levels of football" and Grant's lack of a formal UEFA qualification as manager.

Several unnamed Chelsea players were quoted as saying Grant's methods were "25 years behind the times" and "Chelsea deserve a bigger coach than him. Grant does not have the quality to coach a team like this. When we play big opponents we will suffer because of him." At least one of Grant's staff told friends that they considered leaving the club.[26]

Grant faced his first game only 3 days after taking up the manager's role, losing 2–0 to Manchester United on 24 September. At his first UEFA Champions League match as a coach (with Chelsea and in general) he led Chelsea to a 2–1 away win over Valencia, replicating one of Mourinho's most celebrated wins.[27] Chelsea went on to register a 16-game unbeaten run under Grant, including beating Manchester City 6–0 in one of Chelsea's biggest wins. Subsequently, Grant was offered and signed a four-year contract with Chelsea in December 2007.[28]

In January 2008, Nicolas Anelka from Bolton Wanderers, Branislav Ivanović from Lokomotiv Moscow, and Franco Di Santo from Audax Italiano were added to Grant's Chelsea squad.

In February, Chelsea reached the 2008 League Cup Final, their first competition final under Grant's management. They lost 2–1 to Tottenham Hotspur at Wembley Stadium on 24 February, with an extra time winner from centre-back Jonathan Woodgate.[29] On 8 March, at Barnsley, Chelsea were eliminated from the FA Cup 1–0. On 23 March, Grant secured his first win against one of the other big four clubs when Chelsea came from behind after two substitutions that were ridiculed by Chelsea fans to beat Arsenal 2–1. On 26 April, Grant got his second big win when Chelsea beat Manchester United 2–1, to move Chelsea into second place in the Premier League level on points with first place Manchester United with two games remaining in the season. They eventually finished the season in second place, as the team had done the previous year.[30]

Grant was chosen as Premier League Manager of the Month in April in his first season as Chelsea's manager.

On 30 April 2008, Grant's Chelsea beat Liverpool 3–2 (4–3 on aggregate) to advance to the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final, something they failed to achieve under former manager José Mourinho. Chelsea drew 1–1 with Manchester United in the final, only to lose out on the European Cup in a penalty shootout which United won 6–5. In the heavy rain, John Terry slipped on his team's fifth penalty, clipping the ball off the post and wide. Had he scored, Chelsea would have won the tournament.[31]

Three days later, at around 6 pm on 24 May 2008, Chelsea announced in a statement on its website that Grant's contract had been terminated with immediate effect.[32] Grant later revealed that he turned down the opportunity to return to the club in his former role as director of football.[33] Just as his predecessor José Mourinho had done, Grant completed his period as Chelsea manager without losing a single home game in the Premier League.

Portsmouth

Grant in 2008.

On 7 October 2009, Grant returned to Portsmouth as their new Director of football, following the purchase of the club by Ali al-Faraj.[34] On 26 November 2009, following the release of Paul Hart, Grant was confirmed as the new manager of the club.[35] His first game as manager was a 4–1 defeat at home to Manchester United on 28 November 2009. This was followed by a 4–2 home defeat to Aston Villa in the League Cup. His first win with Pompey arrived in the Premier League on 5 December 2009, with a 2–0 win over Burnley[36] Following this he led Portsmouth to a 2–0 win over Liverpool to bring his new side level on points at the foot of the table.[37] Although Portsmouth went into administration in March 2010 and had nine points deducted as a result (contributing to their eventual relegation in bottom place), Grant oversaw a run to the FA Cup final which saw them narrowly beaten by his old club Chelsea at Wembley Stadium. On 20 May 2010, Grant resigned as the manager of Portsmouth. He announced his decision to leave in an open letter to fans on the club's website, stating that "it was the hardest decision I have ever had to make". He went on to say that Portsmouth's fans had brought tears to his eyes with their loyalty, devotion and passion for the club.[4]

West Ham United

Avram Grant signing autographs post match West Ham United v Bolton Wanderers 21 August 2010

On 3 June 2010, Grant signed a four-year deal with West Ham subject to a work permit which was secured on 8 June.[38] Grant said: "I am proud and honoured to be the manager of West Ham. It will be an exciting challenge and I'm ready to do my best".[39] On 5 June 2010, Thomas Hitzlsperger became Grant's first signing at the club on a free transfer. At the beginning of the 2010–11 season, Grant led West Ham to its worst-ever start in the Premier League.[40] Their first point being gained on 18 September with Grant unable to take charge of the team for a game at Stoke City in respect to his Jewish holy day, Yom Kippur and assistant coach Paul Groves, Kevin Keen and assistant manager Željko Petrović taking charge of the game.[41]

A dismal start to the 2010–11 season saw Grant come under fire after the Hammers had won just two Premier League games by the end of November and stood bottom of the table. However, there was some much needed cause for celebration on 30 November 2010 when his side beat Manchester United 4–0 in the Football League Cup quarter-final. West Ham became the first side to beat Sir Alex Ferguson's team in any competition this season, and were semi-finalists in the competition for the first time since the 1989–90 season.[42]

However, the dismissal of Blackburn Rovers manager Sam Allardyce on 13 December 2010 was followed by media reports that West Ham were on the verge of dismissing Grant and offering Allardyce his job.[43] Indeed, it was reported Grant was handed an unusual ultimatum: win one of the next three games or face losing his job.[44]

A 3–1 win at Fulham on Boxing Day—West Ham's first away win of the season—appeared to ease the pressure on Grant,[45] as did a 2–0 home win over fellow strugglers Wolverhampton Wanderers on New Year's Day, which lifted the Hammers out of the relegation zone.[46] However, a 5–0 defeat at Newcastle United on 5 January put Grant's position in further doubt as the Hammers slid back to the bottom of the table.[47] The pressure became intense with another defeat on 15 January, as many media sources reported that Martin O'Neill would replace him as manager, only to later find that O'Neill ruled himself out of the job.[48]

West Ham won only seven Premier League games, under Grant, from 37 played in a season where they won more cup games than league fixtures.[49] During an away game to Wigan Athletic on 15 May 2011 (a match which West Ham had to win to have any chance of avoiding relegation) a plane flew over the ground trailing a banner reading "Avram Grant – Millwall legend", a sarcastic reference to West Ham's fierce local rivalry with Millwall.[50] West Ham lost 3–2 ensuring their relegation from the Premier League. Grant was sacked that day, hours after the end of the match.[6][51]

Partizan Belgrade

On 13 January 2012, Partizan Belgrade's board of directors announced in an official statement to the public that Avram Grant was named the new manager of the club.[52] As Grant was set to have his first match as manager of Partizan in a friendly match against Sepahan Isfahan, the friendly match was cancelled because Grant is Israeli. This was due to the fact that the Iranian government does not recognise Israel as a country and refers to its government as the 'Zionist regime'. Grant's response was:

I never mixed politics with sports, I had worked with many (Muslims) while I was in England, and I made friends with many of them.[53][54]

After guiding Partizan to their fifth consecutive Serbian championship, Grant resigned on 14 May 2012, making use of the release clause in his 18-month contract.[55]

Ghana

Grant as a coach of Ghana.

On 27 November 2014, Grant was appointed as coach of the Ghana national football team.[56] At the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, he led Ghana to the final, where they were beaten on a penalty shoot-out by Ivory Coast, ending the tournament as runners-up.[57]

Managerial statistics

As of 13 November 2015
Team Nat From To Record
GWDLWin %
Hapoel Petah Tikva Israel 1986 1991 158 72 52 34 45.57
Maccabi Tel Aviv Israel 1991 1995 193 125 31 37 64.77
Hapoel Haifa Israel 1995 1996 30 19 7 4 63.33
Maccabi Tel Aviv Israel 1996 2000 172 87 29 56 50.58
Maccabi Haifa Israel 2000 2002 77 48 21 8 62.34
Israel Israel 2002 2005 33 14 13 6 42.42
Chelsea England 20 September 2007 24 May 2008 54 36 12 6 66.67
Portsmouth England 26 November 2009 21 May 2010 33 10 7 16 30.30
West Ham United England 3 June 2010 16 May 2011 47 15 12 20 31.91
Partizan Serbia 13 January 2012 14 May 2012 16 11 2 3 68.75
Ghana Ghana 27 November 2014 Present 11 6 2 3 54.55

Honours

See also

References

  1. ↑ Viner, Brian (3 May 2008). "Avram Grant: Out of the blue". The Independent (London). Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  2. ↑ Grant sacked as Chelsea manager BBC Sport Retrieved 24 May 2008
  3. ↑ "Grant to be boss". Portsmouth football club. Archived from the original on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
  4. 1 2 3 "Avram Grant resigns as Portsmouth manager". BBC. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  5. ↑ "Avram Grant confirmed as West Ham United manager". BBC. 3 June 2010. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  6. 1 2 "Relegated West Ham part company with Grant". Mirror Football. 15 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  7. ↑ http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30230997
  8. 1 2 3 4 Griver, Simon (11 January 2008). "Avram Grant's family haunted by Holocaust". The Daily Telegraph (London). Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  9. ↑ Adar, Shaul (23 September 2007). "I didn't stab Jose Mourinho in the back, says Avram Grant". The Sunday Times (London). Retrieved 23 September 2007.
  10. ↑ Roberts, Glenys (25 September 2007). "The weird one: Wife of new Chelsea boss is a Wag like no other". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 25 September 2007.
  11. ↑ "Avram Grant's father dies". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 25 December 2009.
  12. ↑ "Chelsea boss gets death threats". BBC. 20 February 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  13. ↑ Peake, Alex (23 December 2009). "Premier League boss caught in a brothel". The Sun (London). Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  14. ↑ Rayner, Gordon (4 February 2010). "Avram Grant: Premier League boss's brothel visit". Daily Telegraph (London). Archived from the original on 6 February 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  15. ↑ "A history of matches between Hapoel Petah Tikva and Maccabi Haifa". The Hapoel Petah Tikva museum (Hebrew). Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 23 September 2007.
  16. ↑ Liverpool opponents expelled BBC Sport
  17. ↑ "Berkovic: Grant won Chelsea job in disgusting, disrespectful way". Tribalfootball.com. 24 September 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
  18. ↑ Collins, Roy (23 September 2007). "Poor view of Wayne Rooney". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 4 October 2007.
  19. ↑ "Why Avraham Grant is the right man to succeed Mourinho". Sportingo.com. 20 September 2007. Archived from the original on 1 November 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
  20. ↑ "Grant given position at Chelsea". BBC Sport. 8 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2007.
  21. ↑ "Chelsea name Grant as new manager". BBC Sport. 20 September 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2007.
  22. ↑ "Ten Cate completes Chelsea switch". BBC Sport. 11 October 2007. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
  23. ↑ Hughes, Matt; Samuel, Martin (22 September 2007). "Avram Grants job under threat from lack of Uefa licence". The Times (London).
  24. ↑ Soni, Paresh (29 September 2007). "Chelsea 0–0 Fulham". BBC Sport. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
  25. ↑ "Chelsea angry at Grant barracking". BBC Sport. 30 September 2007. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
  26. ↑ Castles, Duncan (30 September 2007). "Chelsea players: Grant 'not good enough'". The Guardian (London). Archived from the original on 21 October 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
  27. ↑ "Valencia 1 Chelsea 2". The Sun (London). Retrieved 4 October 2007.
  28. ↑ "Chelsea extend Grant's contract". BBC Sport. 13 December 2007. Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2007.
  29. 1 2 Stevenson, Jonathan (24 February 2008). "Tottenham 2-1 Chelsea". BBC Sport. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  30. 1 2 "Grant gracious after title blow". BBC Sport. 11 May 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  31. 1 2 "Penalty miss will haunt me forever, says distraught Terry". Reuters. 25 May 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  32. ↑ "Grant Leaves Chelsea". chelseafc.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
  33. ↑ "Grant turned down old Chelsea job". BBC Sport. 27 May 2008. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  34. ↑ "Grant seals return to Portsmouth". BBC Sport. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  35. ↑ "Grant to be boss". Portsmouth F.C.
  36. ↑ Soneji, Pranav (5 December 2009). "Portsmouth 2–0 Burnley". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
  37. ↑ Sanghera, Mandeep (19 December 2009). "Portsmouth 2 – 0 Liverpool". BBC News. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
  38. ↑ "West Ham United manager Avram Grant granted work permit". BBC News. 8 June 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  39. ↑ "Avram Grant confirmed as West Ham United manager". BBC News. 3 June 2010. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  40. ↑ "West Ham 1–3 Chelsea: Sunday Mirror match report". mirrorfootball.co.uk. 11 September 2010. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
  41. ↑ "Stoke City 1–1 West Ham United FT". Whufc.com. 18 September 2010. Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  42. ↑ Orvice, Vikki (1 December 2010). "Fergie shouldve gone to Specsavers". The Sun (London).
  43. ↑ West Ham preparing to sack Avram Grant and appoint Sam Allardyce as manager – Goal.com
  44. ↑ "Grant handed West Ham ultimatum". BBC Sport. 15 December 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
  45. ↑ "Fulham 1–3 West Ham". BBC News. 26 December 2010.
  46. ↑ "West Ham 2–0 Wolves". BBC News. 1 January 2011.
  47. ↑ "Newcastle 5 West Ham 0". The Sun (London). 5 January 2011.
  48. ↑ "West Ham to miss out on Martin O'Neill as next manager". BBC Sport. 17 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  49. ↑ "West Ham Betting Odds | Club Details". Soccer Base. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  50. ↑ Horoscopes (18 November 2010). "Grant pays the price as Hammers capitulate – Premier League, Soccer". The Irish Independent. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  51. ↑ "West Ham part company with Avram Grant". BBC Sport. 15 May 2011. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  52. ↑ "Stanojević smenjen, Grant i zvanično trener Partizana! (eng. Stanojević sacked, Grant officially the head coach of Partizan!". Blic (Belgrade). 13 January 2012.
  53. ↑ "World Football – Grant fumes over 'shameful' cancellation". Yahoo! Eurosport. 21 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  54. ↑ "Iranians cancel game due to Grant". ESPN Soccernet. 21 February 2012. Retrieved 21 February. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  55. 1 2 "Avram exits Partizan after just five months in charge despite delivering title". Daily Mail (Belgrade). 14 May 2012.
  56. ↑ "Ghana: Avram Grant appointed new Black Stars coach". BBC. 27 November 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  57. 1 2 "Ivory Coast 0-0 Ghana (Ivory Coast win 9-8 on penalties)". BBC. 8 February 2015.
  58. 1 2 3 "Avram Grant as Ghana's technical adviser". Amen Supernews. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  59. 1 2 3 4 "Avram Grant: profile". The Telegraph. 26 November 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  60. 1 2 3 Lipton, Martin (23 February 2008). "Tragedies drive Chelsea boss Avram Grant to fulfil his ambitions". The Mirror. Retrieved 16 November 2015.

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