Awo-Omamma

Awo-Omamma
Nickname(s): Awo-Njaba
Awo-Omamma

Location of Awo-Omamma in Nigeria

Coordinates: 5°39′23″N 6°56′4″E / 5.65639°N 6.93444°E / 5.65639; 6.93444
Country  Nigeria
State Imo
Local Government Area Oru East
Government
 • Governor Rochas Okorocha (APC)
Area
 • Land 89.2 km2 (34.4 sq mi)

Awo-Omamma (also Awo Omamma or Awo-Njaba), in the Northeast of Niger Delta is an oil-rich town [1] on the bank of Njaba River in Nigeria's South East Imo State.[2]

Location

Situated in Oru-East, Awo-omamma is some 25 kilometers from Owerri and 62.5 kilometers from Onitsha.[3]:13 It covers about 89.2 square kilometres,[3]:13 on the bank of Njaba River and lies in tropical rain forest, with hot and rainy seasons.

According to Rich Piazza, a volunteer with the Peace Corps in Awo-omamma between 1961 and 1963, a four-day torrential downpour typifies the extreme of the rainy season in the town.[4]

Awo-Omamma is bounded in the North by Amiri in Oru-East, and Mgbidi and Otulu both in Oru-West, in the East by Okwudor in Njaba LGA, in the West by Akabo, Awa, Abiaziem and Ngbele communities in Oguta,[5] and in the South by Eziama Obiato and Njaba River.[3]:13

Health and Community Development

In 1958, a health and community development project under Dr. Ben Nzeribe was established in Awo-omamma,[6] his native home.[7] Before the Biafran war, Dr Nzeribe and the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC) helped the community build themselves the famous Awo-omamma Community Hospital (ACH)[8]:56 a seventy-five-bed hospital.[6][9] They also built two new schools, an unpolluted water system, six well baby clinics, and a post office.[9] They also assisted in introducing modern agricultural methods.[9]

Beside the famous Community Hospital, Awo-omamma is home to many other private and public health establishments including Chinwendu hospital, Rose Clinic, Awo-omamma Dispensary and many others.[8]:56 Similarly, there are Umuezukwe Health Centre and Isieke Dispensary in Umuezukwe and Isieke sub-communities respectively.[8]:42

Awo-omamma is a modern Christian community. In 1959, the Holy Ghost Fathers, also known as Spiritan Congregation of Roman Catholic priests opened their Philosophy campus (now known as Awo-Omamma Catholic Seminary) in the town.[10]:549

There are also branches of some Nigerian financial institutions in the town including that of First Bank of Nigeria located at KM 23 Owerri-Onitsha Express Road.[11]

Brewery Plant

Consolidated Breweries Plc which became a subsidiary of the independent global brewer, Heineken [12] in 2005,[13] has one of its breweries in Awo-omamma.[13] The brewery plant benefits from Heineken's world-class technological, logistics, marketing and managerial expertise.[13] The Consolidated Breweries Plc emerged from the merger of Continental Breweries Limited and Eastern Breweries Limited in 1982. Its Awo-omamma brewery plant is involved in the production, marketing and distribution of alcoholic and non- alcoholic beverages. The plant's brands cover the Lager, Stout and Malt categories and include “33” Export Lager Beer, Turbo King Dark Ale, Williams Dark Ale, Hi- Malt and Maltex Malt.[13]

The management of Nigerian Breweries (NB) Plc, another subsidiary of Heineken [12] confirmed merger with Consolidated Breweries (CB) Plc with effect from December 31, 2014.[14] During the commissioning of a block of six classrooms and a library built and donated by Nigerian Breweries Plc to Ubachima Primary School, Awo-Omamma, the Managing Director of the company, Mr. Nicolaas Vervelde, disclosed that the company invested N3bn in upgrading of facilities at its Awo-Omamma Brewery, less than a year after the merger with Consolidated Breweries.[15][16]

Oil and Gas Exploration

By end of Q4 of 2008, Addax Petroleum Corporation announced it was set to expand its Operations in Njaba River area through its new oil discovery in Awo-Omamma.[1][17] The new discovery in the company's OML124 license area[1] on the Northeast edge of the Niger Delta contains undeveloped Njaba 2 well and other exploratory prospects onshore Nigeria.[5][18][19] Oil exploration has been going on in Njaba River basin since early 1960s. Addax Petroleum, Shell and ChevronTexaco have been operating in OML 53 and OML 124 in neighbouring Izombe.[20]:98

The then Senate Committee Chairman on Gas Resources, Senator Osita Izunaso said by the time Addax starts oil activity in their latest Njaba 2, the company could be producing about 15,000 to 20,000 barrels per day.[21] The Senator, during a visit at Izombe flow station also disclosed that establishment of an oil and gas laboratory in Owerri as well as further studies on the gas reserve in the Anambra Basin was covered in 2010 federal budget.[21]

The crude oil discovery is set to boost further development of Awo-Omamma, Njaba River basin, Imo and Nigeria in general once Addax Petroluem starts full production in the field. The President and Chief Executive Officer of the company, Jean Claude Gandur, said the new onshore Njaba 2 field was a further example of the company's commitment to development in Nigeria.[18]

Agriculture and Infrastructure

Traditionally, the occupation of Awo-Omamma community is agriculture including fishing on Njaba River.[3]:15 And there is sand and gravel mining along Njaba River banks.[3]:16

Fishermen, Fish Landing Sites and Fisheries Cooperative Societies exist in many Imo State communities; some are found in villages of Awo-Omamma and its bordering communities. Among them are Udoka Fish Farmers Group, Umuezukwe Awo-omamma [22] :10 and their Ughamiri (Umuezukwe) Landing Site [22]:8 (river port). There is also Kalabari Beach Fishermen Cooperative Society, Oguta;[22] :10 and associated Osse Abiaziem and Ose motor Landing Sites [22]:9

These farmers and residents experience economic constraints including unreliable electricity and poor road conditions, that militate against efficient operation of their fish and crop farming activities in these villages.[22]:7[23]

History

There are 2 famous oral accounts to history of Awo-omamma; these are referred to as the "Nne-nasa" and "Oma" village groups theories.[24]

Trade Route

In the pre-colonial era, Awo-Omamma, through Njaba River to Oguta Lake, was part of the trade route to southeastern coast, which was used for slave trade, Oil Palm exports and transport of other Eastern and European goods to and from the Eastern coast.[25] The then Orie Bridge market on the bank of the river aided trading between the community, its environs and other neighbouring riverine communities as far as Abonema.[3]:59

Biafran Crisis

On December 9, 1968, Awo-omamma Community Hospital (ACH) then under the control of International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was attacked from the air.[26] In "Biafra: A People Betrayed", experience at the community hospital was mentioned.[27] As of August 11, 1969, Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC) sent over $50,000 for emergency relief and program expenses to Awo-Omamma for Biafrans.[28] As highlighted in African Studies review at Cambridge, Biafran refugees and patients were also abandoned at Santana Primary School, Awo-omamma.[29]

Demographics

Traditionally, villages and autonomous communities in Awo-omamma include: Ubogwu (Ofekata I); Ubachima (Ofekata II); Okworji, Umubochi,(Ofekata III); Umuezeali, Umueme,(Ofekata IV); Umuokwe, Obibi, Ohuba,(Eziawo I); and Isieke, Umuezukwe, Ubahaeze and Umuezike,(Eziawo II).[3]:15 A proposal for creation of Eziawo 111 autonomous community, consisting of Umuezukwe and Umuezike communities, has been before Imo State House of Assembly.[30]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Addax Petroleum Corporation Analysis Across the Oil and Gas Value Chain Report: Addax Petroleum Finds Oil At Awo Omamma In Nigeria" (PDF). researchandmarkets.com. p. 6. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  2. ↑ "Nigeria: Addax Petroleum Discovers Oil At Awo Omamma". allafrica.com. March 23, 2009. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "AWO-OMAMMA-AMIRI RELATIONS SINCE 1970: UBAKU, KELECHI CHIKA" (PDF). naulibrary.org. September 2012.
  4. ↑ "Awo-Omamma: Volunteer Peace Corps 1961 to 1963". Rich Piazza. www.africanjourney.org. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  5. 1 2 OBASI Investment Limited. "Abiaziem Community in Oguta, Imo State Nigeria". abiaziem.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  6. 1 2 "Highlights of UUSC History". uusc.org. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  7. ↑ "In the war zone: Grad Works Amidst Biafra Peril". The Cornell Daily Sun 85 (116). April 10, 1969. p. 7. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 "Directory Of Health Establishments In Nigeria, 2007" (PDF). resourcedat.com (National Bureau Of Statistics). 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 "Biafra’s war no one wants" (PDF). Cornell Alumni News. October 1969. p. 24.
  10. ↑ "Resolving the Prevailing Conflict Between Christianity and African (Igbo) Religion Through Inculturation: Udoye, Edwin Anaegboka". books.google.co.uk. 2011. ISBN 978-3-643-90116-3.
  11. ↑ "First Bank Offices And Branches In Nigeria: FirstBank – Awo Omamma Branch". allnigeriabanks.com. January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  12. 1 2 "HEINEKEN majority owned subsidiaries Nigerian Breweries plc and Consolidated Breweries plc to merge". www.theheinekencompany.com. May 9, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "SCHEME OF MERGER Between Nigerian Breweries PLC and Consolidated Breweries PLC, October 09, 2014; p10" (PDF). nbplc.com. October 9, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  14. ↑ "NB, Consolidated Breweries finalise merger, receive SEC approval". sunnewsonline.com. January 1, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Nigerian Breweries invests N3bn in Awo-Omamma, N18bn in Aba Breweries". beverageindustrynews.com.ng. December 8, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Nigerian Breweries NB plc invests N3bn in Awo-Omamma Brewery". asokoinsight.com. December 7, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Addax Petroleum Management's Discussion and Analysis (for the year ended December 31, 2008): 2008 Operational Update" (PDF). londonstockexchange.com. December 31, 2008. p. 5. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  18. 1 2 "RIGZONE - Addax Strikes Oil at Njaba 2 Well Onshore Nigeria". rigzone.com. January 28, 2009. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  19. ↑ "Addax Petroleum, License Areas; License". addaxpetroleum.com. 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  20. ↑ Ezeigbo, O. R., Okike-Osisiogu, F. U., Ihemanma, C. N. and Agomoh, N. G.; et al. (2013). "Microbiological Effects of Gas Flaring on Agricultural Soil at Izombe Flow-station, Imo State, Nigeria". Department of Biology/Microbiology, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba (Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare) 3 (15). ISSN 2225-093X.
  21. 1 2 "Owerri to get oil, gas lab". Vanguard News. June 7, 2010. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Igwe, H.O; et al. "An Overview of The Capture Fisheries Development in Imo State" (PDF). Department of Fisheries, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State. Aquatic Commons.
  23. ↑ "Angry Imo youths block Onitsha-Owerri highway". dailyindependentnig.com. January 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  24. ↑ "History Of Awo-omamma: Its People And Culture". afrikscholars.blogspot.co.uk. 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  25. ↑ Okonkwo, Uche Uwaezuoke (2011). "The Aro, Host Communities And Continuties In Intergroup Suspicion In The Oguta Area Since Pre-colonial Times" (PDF). Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences 2 (2.4): 7. ISSN 2229-5313.
  26. ↑ "Help to War Victims in Nigeria" (PDF). The International Review of the Red Cross. ICRC. January 1969. p. 6. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Biafra: A People Betrayed". journeytoforever.org. 1979. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  28. ↑ "NIGERIA/BIAFRA: Assistance Programs of U.S Non-profit Organizations" (PDF). search.archives.jdc.org. The American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service Technical Assistance Information Clearing House (TAICH). September 1969. p. 16. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Jorre, John De St (1972). The Brothers' War: Biafra and Nigeria, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. August 1972. 6 maps, 60 ill., 437 pp. $10.". journals.cambridge.org.
  30. ↑ "IMHA Committee on creation of Autonomous Community visits Eziawo 3". nigerianewspoint.com (Nigeria Newspoint). January 15, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2016.

External links

Coordinates: 5°39′23″N 6°56′4″E / 5.65639°N 6.93444°E / 5.65639; 6.93444

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