Česká Lípa

Česká Lípa
City
Česká Lípa city hall at T. G. Masaryk square
Flag
Coat of arms
Official name: The city of Česká Lípa
Country Czech Republic
Region Liberecký
District Česká Lípa
Commune košice
River Ploučnice
Elevation 258 m (846 ft)
Coordinates 50°41′19″N 14°32′19″E / 50.68861°N 14.53861°E / 50.68861; 14.53861Coordinates: 50°41′19″N 14°32′19″E / 50.68861°N 14.53861°E / 50.68861; 14.53861
Area 66.10 km2 (25.52 sq mi)
Population 40,225 (2009-12-31)
Density 609 / km2 (1,577 / sq mi)
First mentioned 1263
Mayor Romana Žatecká
Timezone CET (UTC+1)
 - summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 470 01 - 470 06
Location in the Czech Republic
Wikimedia Commons: Česká Lípa
Statistics: mesta.obce.cz
Website: www.mucl.cz

Česká Lípa (Czech pronunciation: [tʃɛskaː liːpa]; German: Böhmisch-Leipa) is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the district seat and the largest city of the district in the Liberec Region. Together with Liberec, it is a part of the Nisa Euroregion. The Ploučnice River flows through the city, approximately 25 mi (40 km) from its source. Česká Lípa comprises about ten neighbourhoods and 14 municipal parts populated by 40,225 permanent residents. Education is offered by several local high schools. Several sports facilities for entertainment were recently built and others renovated. Approximately 9 mi (15 km) south of Česká Lípa lies Máchovo jezero (Mácha lake), a popular summer resort. Česká Lípa lies 23 mi (38 km) west of Liberec and 42 mi (67 km) north of Prague, counting distances between city borders.

The old town of Česká Lípa was built near a ford by the Ploučnice River where a Slavonic colony existed from the 10th century. The line of the Ronovci and Jindřich z Lipé in particular contributed to the founding of the city between 1305 and 1319,[1] and the line of the Berkové z Dubé promoted its development. A hundred years later the city was occupited by the Hussite army of Jan Roháč z Dubé and devastated by fires. Albert of Valdštejn, and later Kaunitzs, contributed to another boom of the city by founding a monastery and school. The modern urban development of the city was influenced by industrial production and uranium mining in the region. Residential neighborhoods consisting of prefab housing in large were built on the outskirts while the city center was preserved and enunciated as an urban heritage zone.[2]

History

The current territory of the city was permanently settled around the 13th century. The first written reference of settlement comes from 1263 and is included in the Doksany Prior's purchase roll. The history of the city is associated with Chvala ze Žitavy of the Ronovci ancestry,[1]:7 who founded the Lipý Castle, and mainly his grandson Jindřich z Lipé (1270–1329), a significant royal aristocrat. As rolls have not been preserved, it is not clear who exactly of the ancestry founded the castle and settlement around. Thus the Lipý Castle became another fortified seat in North Bohemia on the trade routes of that time. There was a Slavonic colony near the castle, later renamed to Stará Lípa (a part of the city today).[3] There is a reference of Arnold, said to come from Stará Lípa, who used to be a citizen in Kravaře (a small town today). Historians derive from the reference of Stará Lípa that the Lipý Castle and the colony were established around.[4] Jindřich z Lipé moved to Moravia in 1319 after he had sold the castle with its surroundings to his cousin Hynek Berka. According to other news, in 1327 the mentioned Hynek Berka z Dobé, also a member of the ancestry of Ronovci, was the lord of Lipá and its wider surroundings. When he died in 1348, his son of the same name took the grip and after his death the second of sons Jindřich succeeded him. Then his nephew Hynek Berka z Dubé reigned the area. The eldest city charter, which he issued on 23 March 1381, documents that discretions were granted to the city of Lipá and that it was he who contributed the most to the boom of the city and the castle bearing the same name.

City walls were constructed in the beginning of the 14th century as well as the parish church of St. Paul and Peter, which was destroyed when fires affected the city in 1787. It was canonized by Peter of Aspelt, the Mayence archbishop, in 1312 in the presence of Jan Lucemburský, the Czech king. The Dean's Office of Děčín was delegated to him in 1341.[1]:10

In the second half of the 14th century the family of Weitmile was concerned significantly in the development of the city even behind its walls. Members of this family used to hold positions of reeve and parsons. Petr z Weitmile was assigned as a witness on the granting of the urban discretions document by Hynek Berka z Dubé in 1381.[1]:6 Development of the city and a larger part of Bohemia was paused by a great plague epidemic in 1389. In the end of the 14th century the castle was controlled by other members of lords of Lipá family, of which a powerful and significant Hynek Hlaváč was often referred, until the beginning of Hussite wars when in May 1426 it was carried by Hussites led by Jan Roháč z Dubé[5] and became a considerable stronghold until 1436. Between 1502 and 1553 a larger part of the city and its surroundings belonged to the Vartenberks. Later, the lords of Dubá / Lipá gained the castle again and kept it for over 100 years. Albrecht of Valdštejn reunited the city in 1622 to 1623.[6] Large parts of the city were destroyed in 1787 and 1820.

Until 1918, the town was part of the Austrian monarchy (The Austrian side after the compromise of 1867), head of the Böhmisch Leipa district, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.[7]

Austrian KK stamp first issue 1850 cancelled BÖHM. LEIPA

In 1938, following the Munich agreement, the city was annexed to Germany and renamed from Böhmisch Leipa to Leipa an der Polzen.

Emblem and Flag of the city

The emblem of the city originates in the urban seal from 1389. Above the city wall there is a coat of arms of the lords of Lipá with crossed fighting rods. The flag was designed by the Heraldic Committee, the State District Archives of Česká Lípa, in 1992 and adjusted according to a historical artwork from 1937. The emblem proposal was discussed in the city government in June 1992, reviewed by Subcommittee for Heraldics of the Chamber of Deputies in December and 15 July 1993 the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies granted the emblem to the city.[8]

Monuments

Mary the Virgin's Birth Church

Ecclesiastical Monuments

Saint Maria Magdalene Church
Morový sloup na náměstí
Jewish Cemetery by Střelnice

Other Monuments

Red House
Špičák Hill with Transmitter

Nature Protection

There are several monumental trees and one conservation in the city — Okřešice Meadows.

Education

There was a parochial school in 1391 in the city, then records mention a doom of the school in 1515 during a big fire. The Latin school established in 1627 together with the Augustinian Monastery had been canceled by Empress Maria Theresa. The facility was restored in 1806 as their high school. Education had its boom in the 19th century. In 1824 an evening school for working children was established, then a trade apprentice school was opened in 1838, a business school in 1868, a practice school by the Monastery in 1869, a trade continuation school in 1879 and on 19 October the same year a high school of agriculture was opened. In 1882 the State High School was established and in 1895 girls' and 1900 a boys' public school.

There were 42 schools and kindergartens in 2003 in the city.

Culture

Main Centers

There are several cultural centers in Česká Lípa. The most important are the Crystal Culture House, the Jirásek Theater, the Art School with its halls, the Homeland Museum and Gallery with their branches and the Municipal Library with its branches.

Crystal Culture House

Crystal Culture Center

The building comprises a cinema, halls and a restaurant. A contributory organization was established by the city after 1990 bearing the name of Crystal Culture House as its manager and this helps organize Summer events in the Lipý Castle. The city government concluded that the mentioned group would be renamed to Kultura Česká Lípa (Ceska Lipa Culture) effective by 1 January 2011 and thereby a new organization, Lipý Česká Lípa, would be established. This one was given charge of the castle as well as the recently created historic Textile Print Center in the castle vicinity opened on 16 February 2011.[12][13]

Before the Municipal Information Center was moved to the City Hall it had been a part of Crystal Culture Center as well.

Art School

This facility was established in the building called the White House which formerly served to the Communist Party District Committee until 1990.[14] There are several sections and their schoolrooms in this multilevel building while the ground floor with its large hall serves as a seat of the Rainbow Dancing School. There is enough space for plastics exhibitions and the smaller hall is made for production of music files as well as the school activities. It is also used by other non-school music groups.

Museum and Gallery

Augustinian Monastery Garden

The Homeland Museum and Gallery of the city of Česká Lípa is located in the grounds of the former Augustinian Monastery. A big Animal World exhibition permanently takes place here. A Loretan courtyard grants place to short-time exhibitions. There is a religious building of Loreta in the middle and other places are occupied with artwork collections. The chapel is also part of the grounds and is used for concerts. This museum has a regional character and holds many objects of the Česká Lípa District area. The museum also owns the Village Magistrate in the town of Kravaře, and the Karel Hynek Mácha Memorial in the town of Doksy including the Fisher and Pond Culture of Ceska Lipa exhibition. It is also in charge of the Breda Summerhouse in the grounds of Lemberk Chateau.[15]

Municipal Library

The main three-level building is located on T. G. Masaryk Square. There is an entertainment literature department on the 1st floor; educational literature, public internet access and reading and lecture rooms on the 2nd floor and children department on the 3rd floor.

The library offers consultancy to smaller libraries of the district and has its three branches in the city:

Cultural Events

Municipal Summer Festival

The city organizes the Municipal Summer Festival in the grounds of Lipý Castle every year at the beginning of Summer. This event was founded in 2000 when it took place in the city park, then celebrating 125 years from its founding. The next year it took place at the T. G. Masaryk Square. When Lipý Castle was renovated in 2003 the festival moved to its grounds. This event contains an antique fair, concerts, fireworks, theater performances and City Awards are granted.[16]

Lípa Musica Festival

The first annual International Lípa Music Festival was held in 2000, primarily featuring classical music. By 2008 there were 10 places in the Ústí nad Labem and Liberec regions organizing concerts. In the city of Česká Lípa the opening and closing events of the festival are held in the All Saints Basilica, part of the Augustinian Monastery. The Lipa Musica Festival has a significant position among cultural events in Liberecký Region, being the leading musical event of the autumn season. This is not just a regional matter, especially since 2007, when its itinerary changed, it presents top quality concerts which attract listeners from further afield including Prague.

Reggae Ethnic Session

For fans of reggae, ska and world music styles the Reggae Ethnic Session music festival was established in 2000 in Žízníkov, an outer suburb of the city. Since the attendance skyrocketed and the location in Žízníkov ceased to be sufficiently large, the session has moved to the nearby meadows of the Heřmaňičky neighborhood.

Press and Media

Press

After year 1850 the Leipaer Zeitung was released in German language for Česká Lípa readers, and its competition Deutsche Leipaer Zeitung from 1884, both twice a week.[17]

Today's local press includes the Českolipský deník (Ceska Lipa Daily), now part of Vltaba Labe Press Holding, established in 1993, and Městské noviny (Municipal Journal) issued by the city hall. Lípa magazine, new Českolipský Šotek and Zpravodaj OSBD Česká Lípa bring information as well as advertising.

Advertising press

Retail chains of Interspar, Kaufland, OBI, Penny Market, Lidl, Albert Hypermarket (formerly Hypernova) and local OD Andy feed merely advertising press delivered to post boxes. There is also a longer history of Českolipské kapky (Česká Lípa Drops) advertising magazine.

Other media

There is no commercial or municipal TV station in Česká Lipa but the Hitradio FM Crystal broadcasts here both for the Česká Lípa and Děčín districts (formerly for Česká Lípa only). The city has an official site on the net, there is also an independent i-noviny district web based newspaper and many other blogs. Almost all institutions, organizations, Public Administration, sport and culture clubs have websites.

Sports

Winter Stadium and neighboring Swimming Pool

Sports facilities

Sport Česká Lípa, a contributory organization established by the city, is in charge of the following facilities:

Pata School Gym

Other facilities include:

Tourism

Hiking and cycle trails

The Ploučnice river near the hospital

Sports Organizations

District Committee of Czech Union of Physical Education used to be an original administrative association which now is Česká Lípa District Sports Union. The most significant Physical Education Organizations are as follows:

Largest Companies

Gate of Johnson Controls

There is a number of large automotive companies in the southwest part of the city, mainly in Dubice neighborhood and industrial zone where about 5,000 workers are employed. Those are branches of international holding corporations such as Johnson Controls, Varta, Delphi Packard Electric, Autobaterie, Fehrer Bohemia and Bombardier.

Transport

The former Česká Lípa město station

Railways

Česká Lípa hlavní nádraží (main railway station) is a junction between the Bakov nad Jizerou - Jedlová and Děčín - Rumburk lines. Three smaller train stops, Česká Lípa-Střelnice, Česká Lípa-Holý vrch and Vlčí důl-Dobranov are located in the suburbs of the city. The centrally located (Česká Lípa město railway station) was closed down in 1979 and the railway connecting it with the main station (at a length of three quarters of a mile) is not in use any more.

Railways and stations have been built by various companies. The first railway was built in 1867 leading to the town of Bakov nad Jizerou. Another railway was opened in 1872 to the town of Benešov nad Ploučnicí and later prolonged to the city of Děčín. Another company then built the Česká Lípa město station out of which the first train went to the town of Litoměřice and in 1903 the railway leading from Česká Lípa to Řetenice u Teplic and in opposite direction leading via the town of Zákupy to the city of Liberec. The railway from Česká Lípa to Česká Kamenice was completed and opened in 1903 and large railway workshops was constructed in the vicinity of the main station. The national corporation of ŽOS (Railway Repair and Engineering Workshops) had its headquarters here until 1980. The railway leading to Česká Kamenice was closed in 1979, and its subsoil was used for building of a part of the Varhany Cycling Path. Railways in the city and peripherals are connected. The Česká Lípa město station built in 1898 is out of service now and Czech Railways are offering it for sale. The railway from this station leading to the neighbourhood of Vlčí důl has been demolished and its subsoil used for construction of cycle path no. 3054. Three short sidings unused and blocked lead from the central station to several former factory and industrial buildings in the Svárov neighborhood.

Main railway station

There are four directions to which trains are dispatched from the central station.

Railways 081 and 086 are joined by many trains. Ordinary passenger trains use them for routes from Liberec to Děčín and express ones from Liberec to Ústí nad Labem.

Bus Transport

Bus Station Hall

Regional and intercity transportation is mainly operated by ČSAD Česká Lípa, based at the city bus station from 1986,[19] provides connection in directions to towns of Mimoň, Nový Bor and Prague, and with surrounding towns and villages.

Small transport companies (such as Mirobus for instance) provide transport for commuters of local large companies or offer an alternative transport for Czech Railways in case of lockouts etc. Nevertheless, Municipal transit company of BusLine Co. has taken over most of such services.

Municipal Transit

There's a wide network of bus routes in Ceska Lipa Municipal Transit. Streets of the city ain't hardwired with an electrical traction so you won't encounter trolley cars or light rail. The Muni transit runs exclusively within the city while further parts of the county are covered with regional bus service. You can get every 12 to 15 minutes to most inhabited neighborhoods on workdays while every 30 minutes to less inhabited. Main routes run every 30 minutes and there're always two for most neighborhoods while their departures are always interlaced. The service frequency is lower in less inhabited parts of the city and limited to a half on weekend operation.

All city buses are low-entry and equipped with an audio visual information system. There's a flip ramp mostly by the middle doors handled by the operator who also assists with loading and securing. There's a commonplace system of announcing the stops from speakers as well as on a display on every bus while external announcement for vision impaired or blind passengers can be activated via a remote.

Municipal transit routes carry numbers up to 235 while higher numbers from 240 are assigned for local regional buses. Effective by the end of February 2015 all city buses have a new yellow blue logo of the city of Ceska Lipa allocated below the windshield. Route designation is based on the Regional Governemt decree and outlined in the Project of IDOL Implementation.

Ceska Lipa Municipal transit is a member of cross region integrated transportation called IDOL from July 2009. IDOL is based on the integrated tariff and the OpusCard contactless smartcard as a uniform fare carrier.

BusLine a.s. is the only transit carrier in Ceska Lipa and this company is engaged in municipal transit in several other cities and towns as well.

There exists the Ceska Lipa Transportation Club, an oranizational constituent of Lípa 2 civic association, which monitors the transit development, negotiates with the city, other authorities as well as carriers, and brings complete information in its website.

Road transport

Viaduct above Ploučnice River and the city

The most important of this kind is the straight superlevel I/9 Road leading south to north from Prague to Nový Bor from 1987.[20] From west to east there is the II/262 Road from Děčín to Zákupy. There are junctions and pedestrian crossing with streetlights and several roundabouts in the city.

Store Network

Kaufland Hypermarket

While small shops remained dominant downtown only in the historic core around the main square, branches of international store chains was built in north part of the city (mainly Špičák neighborhood) such as Interspar, Albert, Penny Market, Lidl, Mountfield. When both market places had been canceled downtown by the city, many stores and shops in the center have been taken over by former stall owners (usually Vietnamese). Kaufland Hypermarket lies near the south bank of Ploučnice River and Parada Shopping Center in Holy Vrch neighborhood by the II/262 Road in direction to Děčín. Two department stores, Andy and Banco are right in the center.

Andy Department Store

Hypermarkets

All large stores have their parking lots, some of them under ground level.

Department Stores

Penny Market

Supermarkets

Significant Natives and Citizens

J. B. Mikana memorial stone, Prokopa Holého St.
Pavel Konopeus memorial stone by the bus station

Territorial division of the city

Česká Lípa Cadastre Division

The city is divided into 14 cadastral territories and 14 parts:

Neighborhoods

The inner town of the city is divided into the following neighborhoods as seen in the city map.

Administrative Territory

  The zone of municipality with extended powers occupies most of the district area.

Česká Lípa is a district city as well as a municipality with extended powers and a local authority. Česká Lípa District comprises 57 municipalities, Česká Lípa Municipality with extended powers consists of 47 municipalities.

Twin towns – Sister cities

Česká Lípa is twinned with:

References

Special reference note

Except for one photo and the introductory paragraph this page has been translated from the Wikipedia page of Česká Lípa in Czech language. Any copyright is as stated by the author of the original article in Czech language. When referring to Czech language sources, a reader should opt for Czech language as well.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Jaroslav, Panáček (2002). "Založení České Lípy a městské právo". Bezděz, vlastivědný sborník Českolipska (in Czech) 11: 9. ISSN 1211-9172.
  2. ↑ Marek, Podhorský (2002). "Česká Lípa". Liberecký kraj (in Czech). Praha 7: Freytag & Berndt. p. 14. ISBN 80-7316-032-3.
  3. 1 2 Marie, Vojtíšková; Jaroslav, Panáček (1976). Česká Lípa (in Czech). Liberec: Severočeské nakladatelství. p. 11. 40-009-75.
  4. ↑ František, Dr. Gabriel (1997). "Historické osudy hradu". Hrad Lipý (in Czech). Praha: Společnost přátel starožitností. p. 6. ISBN 80-901258-6-7.
  5. 1 2 Jiří, Růžička (2007). "Česká Lípa". Českolipsko do kapsy (in Czech). KMa, s.r.o. p. 18. ISBN 978-80-7309-488-1.
  6. ↑ Jaroslav, Panáček (2004). "Bezděz 2004". Bezděz, vlastivědný sborník Českolipska (in Czech) (Česká Lípa: Vlastivědný spolek Českolipska). ISSN 1211-9172. |chapter= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967
  8. ↑ Stanislav, Kasík (2002). "Nové symboly měst". Bezděz, vlastivědný sborník Českolipska (in Czech) 11: 240. ISSN 1211-9172.
  9. ↑ Marie, Mgr. Vojtíšková (1997). "Magdaléna pod ochranou císaře". Třpyt a stíny města České Lípy v době krále Rudolfa II. (in Czech). Česká Lípa: Městský úřad Česká Lípa. p. 24.
  10. ↑ Kateřina Amrichová (2008-11-30). kal, ed. "Česká Lípa odhalila slavnostní kámen". i-noviny.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  11. ↑ Kateřina Kotková (2011-02-16). "Centrum textilního tisku se otevřelo veřejnosti". i-noviny.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  12. ↑ Milada, Heráková (2011). "Centrum textilního tisku v České Lípě". Turista (in Czech) 123 (4): 2. ISSN 0139-5467.
  13. ↑ Kateřina Kotková (2010-12-13). "Vznik příspěvkové organizace". i-noviny.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2010-12-13.
  14. ↑ Ladislav Smejkal (December 2004). "Historie města year po roce (1990)". Městské noviny Česká Lípa (in Czech) (22): 6.
  15. ↑ Gabriela Garbová (2007). Véčko (in Czech) VI. (2): 64–66. ISSN 1213-7375. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ Petr Brambor Nárovec (2007). Véčko (in Czech) VI. (2): 84–76. ISSN 1213-7375. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ↑ Robert, Krejcar (2009). "Zmatená doba". Bezděz, vlastivědný sborník Českolipska (in Czech) (18): 80. ISSN 1211-9172.
  18. ↑ Michael Polák (June 2010). "Sporty v Lípě se dočkají haly". Mladá fronta - Sedmička Liberec a Jablonec (in Czech) II (23): 46.
  19. ↑ Ladislav Smejkal (October 2004). "Historie města rok po roce (1986)". Městské noviny Česká Lípa (in Czech) (17): 6.
  20. ↑ Ladislav Smejkal (2004). "Historie města rok za rokem (1987)". Městské noviny Česká Lípa (in Czech) (19): 6.
  21. ↑ Marie, Vojtíšková; Jaroslav, Panáček (1976). Česká Lípa (in Czech). Liberec: Severočeské nakladatelství. p. 173. 40-009-75.

Literature

External links

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