BBCH-scale (beet)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for beet describes the phenological development of beet plants using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of beet are:

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Germination 00 Dry seed
01 Beginning of imbibition: seeds begins to take up water
03 Seed imbibition complete (pellet cracked)
05 Radicle emerged from seed (pellet)
07 Shoot emerged from seed (pellet)
09 Emergence: shoot emerges through soil surface
1: Leaf development (youth stage) 10 First leaf visible (pinhead-size): cotyledons horizontally unfolded
11 First pair of leaves visible, not yet unfolded (pea-size)
12 2 leaves (first pair of leaves) unfolded
14 4 leaves (2nd pair of leaves) unfolded
15 5 leaves unfolded
1 . Stages continuous till . . .
19 9 and more leaves unfolded
3: Rosette growth (crop cover) 31 Beginning of crop cover: leaves cover 10% of ground
32 Leaves cover 20% of ground
33 Leaves cover 30% of ground
34 Leaves cover 40% of ground
35 Leaves cover 50% of ground
36 Leaves cover 60% of ground
37 Leaves cover 70% of ground
38 Leaves cover 80% of ground
39 Crop cover complete: leaves cover 90% of ground
4: Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts Beet root 49 Beet root has reached harvestable size
5: Inflorescence emergence (2nd year of growth) 51 Beginning of elongation of main stem
52 Main stem 20 cm long
53 Side shoot buds visible on main stem
54 Side shoots clearly visible on main stem
55 First individual flower buds on side shoots visible
59 First bracts visible; flower buds still closed
6: Flowering 60 First flowers open
61 Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open
62 20% of flowers open
63 30% of flowers open
64 40% of flowers open
65 Full flowering: 50% of flowers open
67 Flowering declining: 70% of flowers open or dry
69 End of flowering: all flowers dry, fruit set visible
7: Development of fruit 71 Beginning of seed development: seeds visible in infructescence
75 Pericarp green; fruit still mouldable; perisperm milky; colour of seed coat: beige
8: Ripening 81 Beginning of ripening: pericarp green-brown, seed coat light brown
85 Pericarp light brown, seed coat reddish brown
87 Pericarp hard, seed coat dark brown
89 Fully ripe: seed coat final colour (specific to variety and species), perisperm hard
9: Senescence 91 Beginning of leaf discolouration
93 Most leaves yellowish
95 50% of leaves brownish
97 Leaves dead
99 Harvested product (seeds)

References

Meier, U.; L. Bachmann; H. Buhtz; H. Hack; R. Klose; B. Marlander; E. Weber (1993). "Phänologische Entwick-lungsstadien der Beta-Rüben (Beta vulgaris L. ssp.). Codierung und Beschreibung nach der erweiterten BBCH-Skala (mit Abbildungen).". Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 45: 37–41. 

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