BBCH-scale (canola)
In biology, the BBCH-scale for canola describes the phenological development of canola plants using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of canola are:
| Growth stage | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed |
| 01 | Beginning of seed imbibition | |
| 03 | Seed imbibition complete | |
| 05 | Radicle emerged from seed | |
| 07 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons emerged from seed | |
| 08 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface | |
| 09 | Emergence: cotyledons emerge through soil surface | |
| 1: Leaf development1 | ||
| 10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded | |
| 11 | First leaf unfolded | |
| 12 | 2 leaves unfolded | |
| 13 | 3 leaves unfolded | |
| 1 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded | |
| 2: Formation of side shoots | 20 | No side shoots |
| 21 | Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable | |
| 22 | 2 side shoots detectable | |
| 23 | 3 side shoots detectable | |
| 2 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 29 | End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable | |
| 3: Stem elongation2 | 30 | Beginning of stem elongation: no internodes (“rosette”) |
| 31 | 1 visibly extended internode | |
| 32 | 2 visibly extended internodes | |
| 33 | 3 visibly extended internodes | |
| 3 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 39 | 9 or more visibly extended internodes | |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 50 | Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves |
| 51 | Flower buds visible from above (“green bud”) | |
| 52 | Flower buds free, level with the youngest leaves | |
| 53 | Flower buds raised above the youngest leaves | |
| 55 | Individual flower buds (main inflorescence) visible but still closed | |
| 57 | Individual flower buds (secondary inflorescences) visible but still closed | |
| 59 | First petals visible, flower buds still closed (“yellow bud”) | |
| 6: Flowering | 60 | First flowers open |
| 61 | 10% of flowers on main raceme open, main raceme elongating | |
| 62 | 20% of flowers on main raceme open | |
| 63 | 30% of flowers on main raceme open | |
| 64 | 40% of flowers on main raceme open | |
| 65 | Full flowering: 50% flowers on main raceme open, older petals falling | |
| 67 | Flowering declining: majority of petals fallen | |
| 69 | End of flowering | |
| 7: Development of fruit | 71 | 10% of pods have reached final size |
| 72 | 20% of pods have reached final size | |
| 73 | 30% of pods have reached final size | |
| 74 | 40% of pods have reached final size | |
| 75 | 50% of pods have reached final size | |
| 76 | 60% of pods have reached final size | |
| 77 | 70% of pods have reached final size | |
| 78 | 80% of pods have reached final size | |
| 79 | Nearly all pods have reached final size | |
| 8: Ripening | 80 | Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity |
| 81 | 10% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 82 | 20% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 83 | 30% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 84 | 40% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 85 | 50% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 86 | 60% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 87 | 70% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 88 | 80% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 89 | Fully ripe: nearly all pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
| 9: Senescence | 97 | Plant dead and dry |
| 99 | Harvested product | |
1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with stage 20
2 Visibly extended internode n develops between leaf n and leaf n+1
References
Weber, E.; H. Bleiholder (1990). "Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen.". Gesunde Pflanzen 42: 308–321.
Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder; P. Langeluddecke; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber; A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds.". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.