BBCH-scale (leafy vegetables not forming heads)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for leafy vegetables not forming heads describes the phenological development of leafy vegetables not forming heads, such as spinach, loosehead lettuce, and kale, using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of leafy vegetables not forming heads are:

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Germination 00 Dry seed
01 Beginning of seed imbibition
03 Seed imbibition complete
05 Radicle emerged from seed
07 Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat
09 Emergence: cotyledons break through soil surface
1: Leaf development (Main shoot) 10 Cotyledons completely unfolded; growing point or true leaf initial visible
11 First true leaf unfolded
12 2nd true leaf unfolded
13 3rd true leaf unfolded
1 . Stages continuous till . . .
19 9 or more true leaves unfolded
3: Stem elongation of rosette growth 33 Leaf rosette has reached 30% of the expected diameter typical for the variety.1

Main shoot has reached 30% of the expected height typical for the variety²

35 Leaf rosette has reached 50% of the expected diameter typical for the variety.1

Main shoot has reached 50% of the expected height typical for the variety²

37 Leaf rosette has reached 70% of the expected diameter typical for the variety.1

Main shoot has reached 70% of the expected height for the variety²

39 Rosette development completed1

Main shoot has reached the height typical for the variety²

4: Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts 41 10% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
42 20% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
43 30% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
44 40% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
45 50% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
46 60% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
47 70% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
48 80% of the leaf mass typical for the variety reached
49 Typical leaf mass reached
5: Inflorescence emergence 51 Main shoot begins to elongate1

Main inflorescence visible between uppermost leaves²

53 30% of the expected height of the main shoot reached
55 First individual flowers of main inflorescence visible (still closed)
59 First flower petals visible; flowers still closed
6: Flowering 60 First flowers open (sporadically)
61 Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open
62 20% of flowers open
63 30% of flowers open
64 40% of flowers open
65 Full flowering: 50% of flowers open
67 Flowering finishing: majority of petals fallen or dry
69 End of flowering
7: Development of fruit 71 First fruits formed
72 20% of fruits have reached typical size
73 30% of fruits have reached typical size
74 40% of fruits have reached typical size
75 50% of fruits have reached typical size
76 60% of fruits have reached typical size
77 70% of fruits have reached typical size
78 80% of fruits have reached typical size
79 Fruits have reached typical size
8: Ripening of fruit and seed 81 Beginning of ripening: 10% of fruits ripe, or 10% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
82 20% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
83 30% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
84 40% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
85 50% of fruits ripe, or 50% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
86 60% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
87 70% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
88 80% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
89 Fully ripe: seeds on the whole plant of typical colour and hard
9: Senescence
92 Leaves and shoots beginning to discolor
95 50% of leaves yellow or dead
97 Plants dead
99 Harvested product (seeds)

1 For letucce varieties without head, spinach and species with rosette-type growth
2 For kale and species without rosette growth

References

Feller, C.; H. Bleiholder; L. Buhr; H. Hack; M. Hess; R. Klose; U. Meier; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber (1995). "Phänologische Entwicklungsstadien von Gemüsepflanzen: I. Zwiebel-, Wurzel-, Knollen- und Blattgemüse.". Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 47: 193–206. 

External links

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