Rec. 2020

CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the Rec. 2020 (UHDTV) color space in the triangle and the location of the primary colors. Rec. 2020 uses Illuminant D65 for the white point.

ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020, more commonly known by the abbreviations Rec. 2020 or BT.2020, defines various aspects of UHDTV such as display resolution, frame rate, chroma subsampling, bit depth, and color space.[1] It was posted on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) website on August 23, 2012.[1][2][3][4][5]


Technical details

Resolution

Rec. 2020 defines two resolutions of 3840 × 2160 ("4K") and 7680 × 4320 ("8K").[1] These resolutions have an aspect ratio of 16:9 and use square pixels.[1]

Frame rate

Rec. 2020 specifies the following frame rates: 120p, 119.88p, 100p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.976p.[1] Only progressive scan frame rates are allowed.[1]

Digital representation

Rec. 2020 defines a bit depth of either 10-bits per sample or 12-bits per sample.[1]

10-bits per sample Rec. 2020 uses video levels where the black level is defined as code 64 and the nominal peak is defined as code 940.[1] Codes 0-3 and 1,020-1,023 are used for the timing reference.[1] Codes 4 through 63 provide video data below the black level while codes 941 through 1,019 provide video data above the nominal peak.[1]

12-bits per sample Rec. 2020 uses video levels where the black level is defined as code 256 and the nominal peak is defined as code 3760.[1] Codes 0-15 and 4,080-4,095 are used for the timing reference.[1] Codes 16 through 255 provide video data below the black level while codes 3,761 through 4,079 provide video data above the nominal peak.[1]

System colorimetry

RGB color space parameters[1]
Color space White point Primary colors
xW yW xR yR xG yG xB yB
ITU-R BT.2020 0.3127 0.3290 0.708 0.292 0.170 0.797 0.131 0.046

The Rec. 2020 (UHDTV/UHD-1/UHD-2) color space can reproduce colors that can not be shown with the Rec. 709 (HDTV) color space.[6][7] The RGB primaries used by Rec. 2020 are equivalent to monochromatic light sources on the CIE 1931 spectral locus.[7][8] The wavelength of the Rec. 2020 primary colors is 630 nm for the red primary color, 532 nm for the green primary color, and 467 nm for the blue primary color.[8][9] In coverage of the CIE 1931 color space the Rec. 2020 color space covers 75.8%, the digital cinema reference projector color space covers 53.6%, the Adobe RGB color space covers 52.1%, and the Rec. 709 color space covers 35.9%.[6]

During the development of the Rec. 2020 color space it was decided that it would use real colors, instead of imaginary colors, so that it would be possible to show the Rec. 2020 color space on a display without the need for conversion circuitry.[10] Since a larger color space increases the difference between colors an increase of 1-bit per sample is needed for Rec. 2020 to equal or exceed the color precision of Rec. 709.[10]

The NHK measured contrast sensitivity for the Rec. 2020 color space using Barten's equation which had previously been used to determine the bit depth for digital cinema.[6] 11-bits per sample for the Rec. 2020 color space is below the visual modulation threshold, the ability to discern a one value difference in luminance, for the entire luminance range.[6] The NHK is planning for their UHDTV system, Super Hi-Vision, to use 12-bits per sample RGB.[6][11]

Luma coefficients

Rec. 2020 allows for RGB and YCbCr signal formats with 4:4:4, 4:2:2, and 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.[1] Rec. 2020 specifies that if a luma (Y') signal is made that it uses the R’G’B’ coefficients 0.2627 for red, 0.6780 for green, and 0.0593 for blue.[1]

Transfer characteristics

Rec. 2020 defines a nonlinear transfer function that can be used for gamma correction with RGB and YCbCr.[1] RGB may be used when the best quality program production is needed.[1] YCbCr may be used when the top priority is compatibility with SDTV/HDTV operating practices and allows for chroma subsampling.[1] The luma and chroma components in YCbCr are calculated from gamma corrected RGB.[10] Rec. 2020 also defines a linear encoded version of YCbCr called YcCbcCrc.[1] YcCbcCrc may be used when the top priority is the most accurate retention of luminance information.[1] The luma and chroma components in YcCbcCrc are calculated from linear RGB and are then gamma corrected.[10]

Rec. 2020 uses the same nonlinear transfer function that is used by Rec. 709, except that its parameters are given with higher precision:[1][12]

E'=\begin{cases} 4.5E & 0 \le E < \beta\,\!\\ \alpha\,\!E^{0.45} - (\alpha\,\! - 1) & \beta\,\! \le E \le 1 \end{cases}

The standard says that for practical purposes, the following values of α and β can be used:

While the Rec. 2020 transfer function can be used for encoding, it is expected that most productions will use a reference monitor that has an appearance of using a transfer function as defined in Rec. ITU-R BT.1886 and that the reference monitor will be evaluated as defined in Rec. ITU-R BT.2035.[1][13][14]

Derived HDR formats with different transfer functions

For High Dynamic Range (HDR) applications, alternative formats with different transfer functions, such as the SMPTE ST 2084 Perceptual Quantizer (PQ) designed by Dolby and the ARIB STD-B67 Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) transfer function designed by the BBC and NHK, have been developed for use with the same color primaries defined in Rec. 2020.[15]

Implementations

HDMI 2.0 supports the Rec. 2020 color space.[16] HDMI 2.0 can transmit 12-bit per sample RGB at a resolution of 2160p and a frame rate of 24/25/30 fps or it can transmit 12-bits per sample 4:2:2/4:2:0 YCbCr at a resolution of 2160p and a frame rate of 50/60 fps.[16]

The Rec. 2020 color space is supported by H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC).[17][18][19] The Main 10 profile in HEVC was added based on proposal JCTVC-K0109 which proposed that a 10-bit profile be added to HEVC for consumer applications.[20] The proposal stated that this was to allow for improved video quality and to support the Rec. 2020 color space that will be used by UHDTV.[20]

On September 11, 2013, ViXS Systems announced the XCode 6400 SoC which supports 4K resolution at 60 fps, the Main 10 profile of HEVC, and the Rec. 2020 color space.[21]

2014

On April 6, 2014, Sony announced development of a 30 in (76 cm) professional 4K OLED display that will support the Rec. 2020 color space and is expected to be released in the spring of 2015.[22]

On May 22, 2014, Nanosys announced that using a quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) a current LCD TV was modified so that it could cover 91% of the Rec. 2020 color space.[23] Nanosys engineers believe that with improved LCD color filters it is possible to make a LCD that covers 97% of the Rec. 2020 color space.[23]

On September 4, 2014, Canon Inc. announced that with a firmware upgrade they will add support for the Rec. 2020 color space to their EOS C500 and EOS C500 PL camera models and their DP-V3010 4K display.[24][25]

On September 5, 2014, the Blu-ray Disc Association revealed that the future 4K Blu-ray Disc format will support 4K UHD (3840x2160 resolution) video at frame rates up to 60 frames per second.[26] The standard will encode videos under the High Efficiency Video Coding standard.[26] 4K Blu-ray Discs will support both a higher dynamic range by increasing the color depth to 10-bit per color, and a greater color gamut by using the Rec. 2020 color space.[26] The 4K-Blu-ray specification allows for 3 disc sizes, each with their own data rate: 50GB with 82 Mbit/s, 66GB with 108 Mbit/s, and 100GB with 128Mbit/s.[26] 4K Blu-ray Disc technology will be licensed in the spring or summer of 2015, and 4K Blu-ray Disc players have an expected release date of Christmas 2015.[26]

On September 12, 2014, Digital Projection International announced a 4K LED projector with support for the Rec. 2020 color space with an expected release date of 2015.[27]

On November 6, 2014, Google added support for the Rec. 2020 color space to VP9.[28]

On November 7, 2014, DivX developers announced that DivX265 version 1.4.21 has added support for the Main 10 profile of HEVC and the Rec. 2020 color space.[29]

On December 22, 2014, Avid Technology released an update for Media Composer that added support for 4K resolution, the Rec. 2020 color space, and a bit rate of up to 3,730 Mbit/s with the DNxHD codec.[30][31]

2015

On January 6, 2015, the MHL Consortium announced the release of the superMHL specification which will support 8K resolution at 120 fps, 48-bit video, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range support, a 32-pin reversible superMHL connector, and power charging of up to 40 watts.[32][33][34]

On January 7, 2015, Ateme added support for the Rec. 2020 color space to their TITAN File video platform.[35]

On March 18, 2015, Arri announced the SXT line of Arri Alexa cameras which will support Apple ProRes recording at 4K resolution and the Rec. 2020 color space.[36][37]

On April 8, 2015, Canon Inc. announced the DP-V2410 4K display and EOS C300 Mark II camera with support for the Rec. 2020 color space.[38][39]

On May 26, 2015, the NHK announced a 4K LCD with a laser diode backlight that covers 98% of the Rec. 2020 color space.[40][41] The NHK stated that at the time it was announced this 4K LCD has the widest color gamut of any display in the world.[42]

On August 19, 2015, it was announced that on September 14, 2015 an Rec. 2020 extended gamut version of Inside Out (2015 film) would be shown at the International Broadcasting Convention.[43][44]

On August 27, 2015, the Consumer Electronics Association announced their definition for HDR compatible displays which would need to be able to process HDR10 Media Profile video which uses the Rec. 2020 color space, SMPTE ST 2084, and a bit depth of 10-bits.[45]

On November 30, 2015, Adobe Systems announced updates to Adobe Creative Cloud which includes support for the Rec. 2020 color space.[46][47]

2016

On January 4, 2016, the UHD Alliance announced their specifications for Ultra HD Premium which includes support for the Rec. 2020 color space.[48]

On January 27, 2016, VESA announced that DisplayPort version 1.4 will support the Rec. 2020 color space.[49]

On April 18, 2016, the Ultra HD Forum announced industry guidelines for UHD Phase A which includes support for the Rec. 2020 color space.[50][51]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 "BT.2020 : Parameter values for ultra-high definition television systems for production and international programme exchange". International Telecommunication Union. 2014-07-17. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
  2. ↑ "BT.2020 : Parameter values for ultra-high definition television systems for production and international programme exchange". International Telecommunication Union. 2012-08-23. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
  3. ↑ "The international standard for Super Hi-Vision TV". NHK. 2012-08-23. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  4. ↑ "8K Ultra High Def TV Format Opens Options for TV Viewing". The Hollywood Reporter. 2012-08-28. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  5. ↑ "ITU approves NHK's Super Hi-Vision as 8K standard, sets the UHDTV ball rolling very slowly". Engadget. 2012-08-25. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 ""Super Hi-Vision" as Next-Generation Television and Its Video Parameters". Information Display. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  7. 1 2 "Super Hi-Vision format". NHK. Retrieved 2012-08-24.
  8. 1 2 "Wide-color-gamut Super Hi-Vision System". NHK. Retrieved 2013-05-18.
  9. ↑ David Wood (2012-03-08). "Deciding Tomorrow's Television Parameters" (PDF). European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 2013-05-02.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "BT.2246-2(2012) : The present state of ultra-high definition television". International Telecommunication Union. 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  11. ↑ "Super Hi-Vision Production Devices for Mobile". NHK. Retrieved 2013-05-18.
  12. ↑ "BT.709 : Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and international programme exchange". International Telecommunication Union. 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
  13. ↑ "BT.1886 : Reference electro-optical transfer function for flat panel displays used in HDTV studio production". International Telecommunication Union. 2011-04-06. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
  14. ↑ "BT.2035 : A reference viewing environment for evaluation of HDTV program material or completed programmes". International Telecommunication Union. 2013-08-13. Retrieved 2014-11-05.
  15. ↑ Adam Wilt (2014-02-20). "HPA Tech Retreat 2014 – Day 4". DV Info Net. Retrieved 2014-11-01.
  16. 1 2 "FAQ for HDMI 2.0". HDMI.org. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
  17. ↑ "H.265 : High efficiency video coding". ITU. 2013-06-07. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
  18. ↑ G.J. Sullivan; J.-R. Ohm; W.-J. Han; T. Wiegand (2012-05-25). "Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
  19. ↑ "H.265 : High efficiency video coding". ITU. 2013-06-12. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
  20. 1 2 Alberto Dueñas; Adam Malamy (2012-10-18). "On a 10-bit consumer-oriented profile in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)". JCT-VC. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
  21. ↑ "ViXS Announces XCode 6400, the World's First System-on-Chip (SoC) with Native Support for 10-bit High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and Ultra High Definition (HD) 4K". PRNewswire. 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
  22. ↑ "At NAB 2014, Sony Unites Product, Systems and Services to Give 4K Content Creators New Ways to Express Themselves". Sony. 2014-04-06. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  23. 1 2 "Is the rec.2020 UHD color broadcast spec really practical?". Nanosys. 2014-05-22. Retrieved 2014-07-21.
  24. ↑ "Free Canon Firmware for Cinema EOS System Cameras Delivers Improved Basic Performance, Including Support for ITU-R BT.2020 Color Space". MarketWatch. September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
  25. ↑ "Free Canon Firmware Upgrade for DP-V3010 30-Inch 4K Professional Display Enables Confirmation of ITU-R BT.2020 Color Gamut Video Content". Business Wire. September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 "4K Blu-ray discs arriving in 2015 to fight streaming media". CNET. September 5, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  27. ↑ "Digital Projection Launches 4K LED and 4K LASER Illuminated Reference Projector Line". PRWeb. September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  28. ↑ "Change the use of a reserved color space entry". Chromium (web browser) (Google). 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
  29. ↑ "DivX HEVC Community Encoder". DivX. 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2014-11-15.
  30. ↑ Wim Van den Broeck (2014-12-22). "Editing 4K and Beyond in Media Composer Now Available with Avid Resolution Independence Update". Avid Technology. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  31. ↑ Bryant Frazer (2014-12-22). "Starting Today, You Can Finally Edit 4K Natively in the Avid". studiodaily. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  32. ↑ "MHL Consortium Announces superMHL – the First Audio/Video Specification With Support Up to 8K". Yahoo Finance. 2015-01-06. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  33. ↑ Ryan Smith (2015-01-06). "MHL Consortium Announces superMHL: New Standard & New Cable To Drive 8K TV". AnandTech. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  34. ↑ "Introducing superMHL". MHL. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  35. ↑ "High Fidelity Pixels Enhance Ultra HD Video On Demand". PR Newswire. 2015-01-07. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  36. ↑ Deborah D. McAdams (2015-03-18). "Arri Rolls Out Alexa With 4K ProRes Recording". TVTechnology. Retrieved 2015-03-19.
  37. ↑ "ALEXA SXT". Arri. Retrieved 2015-03-19.
  38. ↑ Jose Antunes (2015-04-08). "New 24-inch 4K Reference Display from Canon". Pro Video Coalition. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
  39. ↑ Jose Antunes (2015-04-08). "The EOS C300 Mark II Has Arrived". Pro Video Coalition. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
  40. ↑ "NHK Showcases Latest 8K Super Hi-Vision Technologies". cdrinfo. 2015-05-26. Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  41. ↑ "Laser-backlit Wide-gamut LCD and Color Gamut Mapping". NHK. Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  42. ↑ Tetsuo Nozawa (2015-06-01). "STRL Announces 4k Display With World's Widest Color Gamut". Nikkei Business Publications. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
  43. ↑ Robert Briel (2015-08-19). "Pixar and ILM Keynote IBC2015: The Inside Out of HDR". Broadband TV News. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  44. ↑ "IBC Big Screen". International Broadcasting Convention. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  45. ↑ Rachel Cericola (2015-08-27). "What Makes a TV HDR-Compatible? The CEA Sets Guidelines". Big Picture Big Sound. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  46. ↑ "Get the Updates to Creative Cloud 2015". Adobe Systems. 2015-11-30. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
  47. ↑ Jake Fruia (2015-12-01). "Adobe Updates Creative Cloud Video Tools". HDSLR Shooter. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
  48. ↑ "UHD Alliance Defines Premium Home Entertainment Experience". Business Wire. 2016-01-04. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
  49. ↑ "VESA Updates Display Stream Compression Standard to Support New Applications and Richer Display Content". PRNewswire. 2016-01-27. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  50. ↑ "Ultra HD Forum Releases First Industry Guidelines for Deploying End-to-End Live & Pre-Recorded UHD Services in 2016". Business Wire. 2016-04-18. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
  51. ↑ "End-to-end guidelines for phase A implementation". Ultra HD Forum. 2016-04-18. Retrieved 2016-04-18.

External links

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