Bacillus odysseyi

Bacillus odysseyi
Colored micrograph of Bacillus odysseyi spores taken by a field-emission environmental SEM and magnified by 10^7. Spherical figures (about 2 µm diameter) are intact spores with exosporia. In center of image, spores (rod-shaped) were exposed to 0.5 mrad gamma radiation for 60 min, thus the exosporium (ribbon-shaped) separated.[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Division:	Firmicutes
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Bacillales
Family:	Bacillaceae
Genus:	Bacillus
Species:	B. odysseyi
Binomial name
Bacillus odysseyi

Bacillus odysseyi is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, round-spore- and endospore-forming eubacterium of the Bacillus genus.^[1] This novel species was discovered by scientist Myron T. La Duc of NASA’s Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, a unit whose purpose is to clean and sterilize spacecraft so as not to have microorganisms contaminate other celestial bodies or foreign microorganisms contaminate Earth, on the surface of the Mars Odyssey in a clean room at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in La Cañada Flintridge before the spacecraft was launched to space. La Duc named the bacterium Bacillus odysseyi sp. nov. after the Odyssey mission. It had apparently evolved to live in the sparse environment of a clean room, and its secondary spore coat makes it especially resistant to radiation.^[2]

B. odysseyi consists of an exosporium, spore coat, cortex, and core. In a test performed by the Planetary Protection unit, its spores were the most consistently resistant, and it survived exposure to all of the challenges posed against it: desiccation (100% survival), Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 26% survival), ultraviolet radiation (10% survival at 660 J ∙ m⁻²), and gamma radiation (0.4% survival). B. odysseyi shares many DNA similarities with Bacillus fusiformis and Bacillus silvestris. The type strain for B. odysseyi is 34hs-1^T (=ATCC PTA-4993^T=NRRL B-30641^T=NBRC 100172^T).^[1]

References

1. Duc, Myron T. La, Masataka Satomi, and Kasthuri Venkateswaran. “Bacillus odysseyi sp. nov., a round-spore-forming bacillus isolated from the Mars Odyssey spacecraft.” International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 (2004): 195–201 (view in HTML or view as Adobe Acrobat document).
2. Dance, Amber. “Specialized Unit Helps NASA Keep Its Dirty Little Secrets on Earth.” Los Angeles Times 6 Aug. 2007: B1, B8.

Further reading

• Jung, Min Young; Kim, Joong-Su; Paek, Woon Kee (October 2012). "Description of Lysinibacillus sinduriensis sp. nov., and transfer of Bacillus massiliensis and Bacillus odysseyi to the genus Lysinibacillus as Lysinibacillus massiliensis comb. nov. and Lysinibacillus odysseyi comb. nov. with emended description of the genus Lysinibacillus". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62 (Part 10): 2347–2355. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.033837-0.

External links

• U.S. patent 7,189,556 of a “biologically pure culture of a Bacillus odysseyi isolate with high adherence and sterilization-resistant properties”
• U.S. patent 20,040,158,042 of a “biologically pure culture of a Bacillus odysseyi isolate with high adherence and sterilization-resistant properties”
• Type strain of Lysinibacillus odysseyi at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase