Bailo of Corfu

The Bailo of Corfu was the leader of the Venetian delegation to the island of Corfu who oversaw the affairs of the island while under Venetian rule and protected the commercial and military interests of the Republic of Venice. The first mention of a bailo in Corfu is in 1386 and is found in a Greek chronicle.[1] The bailo of Corfu is also mentioned in a document by historian Marco Guazzo from 1544.[2]

Amongst the Venetian provincial administrators, the Duke of Candia was the foremost, followed in order of seniority by the leaders of Negroponte, Corfu, Modon and Coron and Argos-Nauplion.[3] The bailo of Corfu also administered the affairs of the Venetian dependencies of Butrinto and Lepanto in the mainland.[3] Pantaleone Barbo was the first bailo of Corfu.[4] The bailo of Corfu also made reports and recommendations to Venice regarding the construction of fortifications on the island.[5][6]

Historical background

To protect its military and commercial interests the Republic of Venice had established missions in key locations in the Ionian Sea and the Aegean. The Venetian missions were called reggimenti and their leaders were elected by the Senate of Venice or its Great Council. The leaders were elected for terms ranging between approximately 16 months to three years.[7]

The general title of the leaders was Rettore, translated as rector. However the specific title awarded the rector varied depending on the location they administered. Thus in the Kingdom of Candia the leader was called Duca, in Zante the term was Conte and in Corfu the leader of the regiment was given the title of Bailo.[7]

Being elected Rettore was an honour and established that the elected leader had the confidence of his peers in the Senate and Great Council and, although a mission in the overseas protectorates of Venice was expensive and dangerous, many Venetian noblemen lobbied for the position. Cuprus, Candia and possibly Corfu were considered the top locations of the Venetian realm.[7]

The position of Bailo of Corfu was considered prestigious. In one occasion when Gian Matteo, after retiring as Rettore of Cattaro, lost the election to the position in Corfu, he was consoled by Pietro, a Venetian nobleman:[8]

"God be praised that those who have taken away Corfu could not take away your virtue and valour. Perhaps this is for the best, so that you would not have to continually fight and defend yourself from Barbarossa."

Communication with Venice

During the Ottoman invasion of Albania, the bailo of Corfu sent intelligence to the Venetian Senate advising them of the Ottoman gains after they took Rugina, known at the time as the "Lady of Valona", and Valona proper. The Venetians were very concerned about the Ottoman incursions which threatened the dominion and commerce of Venice and its dependencies in the Adriatic and the Strait of Otranto.[9]

The bailo of Corfu also sent messages to Venice regarding his ideas about fortifications. In 1538 in one such message the bailo of Corfu remarked:[10]

"[P]lease pay no attention to the last scheme forwarded to you by the military governor here, it is 'criticised by everyone' and I have had to dismiss the engineer Zanin 'who, though he seems stupid when he speaks, being from the Bergamasco, is in mind and deed full of excellent ideas and of sense and experience – but he does have the defect of being unable to communicate his ideas to anyone else ... Could we not have Michel [Michele Sanmicheli] ... who was so much praised by the late Duke of Urbino?'"

Baili

This is an incompete list of baili of Corfu:[4]

References

  1. ↑ Henry Jervis-White-Jervis (1852). History of the Island of Corfú and of the Republic of the Ionian Islands. Colburn and Company. p. 113.
  2. ↑ Marco Guazzo (1544). Historie di tutte le cose degne di memoria quai del anno. 1524. fino questo presente sono occorse nella Italia, nella Prouenza, nella Franza, nella Picardia, nella Fiandra, nella Normandia, nel regno di Campagna, nel regno d'Artois, nella Inghilterra, nella Spagna, nella Barbaria, nella Elemagna, nella Vngaria, nella Boemia nella Panonnia, nella Germania nella Dalmatia, nella Macedonia, nella Morea, nella Turchia, nella Persia, nella India, et altri luoghi, col nome di molti huomini scientiati, nouamente con la giunta & la tauola ristampate & corrette. al segno della croce. p. 4.
  3. 1 2 Fifty Years of Failed Plans: Venice, Humanism, and the Turks (1453—1503). ProQuest. 2008. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-549-80891-6.
  4. 1 2 Monique O'Connell (1 November 2009). Men of Empire: Power and Negotiation in Venice's Maritime State. JHU Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-8018-9637-8.
  5. ↑ Fernand Braudel (1995). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. University of California Press. pp. 126–129. ISBN 978-0-520-20308-2.
  6. ↑ International Journal of Maritime History 19. Maritime Studies Research Unit. 2007. the bailo and capitano of Corfu asked the Senate for financial and logistical aid to reconstruct the walls of the castra of Corfu ...
  7. 1 2 3 Dr Nebahat Avcioglu (23 December 2013). Architecture, Art and Identity in Venice and its Territories, 1450–1750: Essays in Honour of Deborah Howard. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 231. ISBN 978-1-4724-1082-5.
  8. ↑ Dr Nebahat Avcioglu (23 December 2013). Architecture, Art and Identity in Venice and its Territories, 1450–1750: Essays in Honour of Deborah Howard. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 241. ISBN 978-1-4724-1082-5.
  9. ↑ Colin Imber (1990). The Ottoman empire: 1300–1481. Isis. p. 90. ISBN 978-975-428-015-9.
  10. ↑ M. E. Mallett; J. R. Hale (23 November 2006). The Military Organisation of a Renaissance State: Venice C.1400 to 1617. Cambridge University Press. p. 435. ISBN 978-0-521-03247-6.
  11. ↑ Monique O'Connell (1 November 2009). Men of Empire: Power and Negotiation in Venice's Maritime State. JHU Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8018-9637-8.
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