Bappa Rawal
| Bappa Rawal | |
|---|---|
| Maharaja of Mewar | |
| Reign | 734-753 (20 years) |
| Predecessor | Mahendra II |
| Successor | khuman |
| Born |
713 Eklingji, Mewar, Rajasthan |
| Died |
approx. 810 Himalayas |
| Spouse | more than 100 wives |
| Issue | khuman |
| House | Guhilot |
| Father | Mahendra II |
| Religion | Hindu Rajput |
| Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar I (734–1303) | |
| Bappa Rawal | (734–753) |
| Khumar II | (812-836) |
| Bhratrbha | |
| Singh | |
| Allat | |
| Narvahana | |
| Shalivahana | |
| Shaktikumar | |
| Suchivarma | |
| Narvarma | |
| Kirtivarma | |
| Vairat | |
| Vairi Singh | |
| Vijay Singh | |
| Ari Singh | |
| Chaur Singh | |
| Vikram Singh | |
| Kshem Singh | |
| Samant Singh | |
| Kumar Singh | |
| Mathan Singh | |
| Padam Singh | |
| Jait Singh | |
| Tej Singh | |
| Samar Singh | |
| Rawal Ratan Singh | (1302-1303) |
| Succeeded by ? | (?) |
Bappa Rawal (born Prince Kalbhoj, c. 713-810), eighth ruler of the Guhilot dynasty of Rajputs and founder of the Mewar Dynasty (r. 734-753) in present-day Rajasthan, India.
Initial History
Bappa Rawal was one of the most powerful and famous rulers of the Mewar dynasty. Although a surviving Father of the Guhilot clan, Prince Kalbhoj (his actual name) who came from Maitraka clan did not continue the family name of seven generations when he came to the throne; instead, he established the Rawal Dynasty, naming it for the kingdom he had just taken. He went on to become a celebrated hero on battlefields near and far, yet his fascinating life is full of enigmas, and many were the legends created about him. It is said that Bappa was blessed by Harita Rishi, a sage of the Mewar region, with kingship. His father, Rawal Mahendra II had married a woman of the Parmara Rajput clan, from Mt. Abu, Paramara centres at that time. She was also the sister of Maan Mori, the Paramara from Gujarat king who ruled much of the State of Mewar. This included Guhilot clan land, which Paramara from Malwa had annexed a century or so earlier, and set up their capital in the ancient fortress of Chittorgarh.
Childhood
After the fall of Vallabhi, Kamalavati, the wife of Maitraka king Shiladitya took refuge in a cave in the mountains and there gave birth to a son called 'Goha' or cave-born. Making over the child to a Brahmin woman, the queen followed her husband through the fire. The young prince, of a daring character and adventurous spirit, soon passed out of his guardian's hands, and joining the Idar Bhils was by them chosen king. Whether in sport or earnest, the election was real, and for several generations his successors ruled in Idar. At last Nagaditya or Aparajita the eighth prince was killed by his subjects. He left a son named Bappa Rawal who never succeeded to his father's chiefship, who was moved Nagda by his mother.[1] He spent his childhood near Nagda. As with most high-spirited princes, there are several legends from Bappa's early years as a youth in the wild Vindhya Range. The pranks of this royal shepherd (he tended the sacred cattle of the Brahmans) include his allegedly innocent mischief among village damsels. An interesting footnote to this legend of potential virility is that Bappa Rawal is said to have married many women, and sired well over one hundred children.
Battles against Arabs
Bappa Rawal played an important role in the Battle of Rajasthan, a series of wars fought in the 8th century AD between the Rajput rulers of North-Western India and the Arabs of Sindh, in which the regional Indian rulers inflicted a resounding defeat on the invading Arabs.
In the 8th century Arabs started attacking India within a few decades of the birth of Islam, which was basically an extension of invasion of Persia. In order to ward off Arabs invasions across the western and northern borders of Gurjaratra, Bappa united the smaller states of Ajmer and Jaisalmer to stop the attacks. Bappa Rawal fought and defeated the Arabs in the country and turned the tide for a while. Bin Qasim was able to defeat Dahir in Sindh but was stopped by Bappa Rawal. Some accounts say that Qasim attacked Chittor, which was ruled by Mori Rulers. Bappa defeated and pursued Bin Qasim through Saurashtra and back to the western banks of the Sindhu (i.e. current day Baluchistan). He then marched on to Ghazni and defeated the local ruler Salim and after nominating a representative returned to Chittor. After Raja Mori named Bappa Rawal his successor and crowned him King of Chittor, Bappa Rawal and his armies invaded various kingdoms including Kandahar, Khorasan, Turan, Ispahan, Iran and made them vassals of his kingdom. Thus he not only defended India's frontiers but for a brief period was able to expand them.
Religious beliefs
Bappa Rawal was also known to be a just ruler. After having ruled his kingdom for almost 20 years he abdicated the throne in favour of his son, he became a devout Siva 'upasak' (worshipper of Shiva) and became a 'Yati' (an ascetic who has full control over his passions).
References
- ↑ Arnold Wright (1922). Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey. Asian Educational Services. pp. 120–. ISBN 978-81-206-1965-4.
Rajkahini (in Bengali) by Abanindranath Tagore