Bartolommeo Bandinelli

Self-portrait of Bartolommeo Bandinelli, c. 1530

Bartolommeo (or Baccio) Bandinelli, actually Bartolommeo Brandini (17 October 1493 – shortly before 7 February 1560[1]), was a Renaissance Italian sculptor, draughtsman and painter.[2]

Biography

Baccio Bandinelli - Drawing of monument for pope Leo X and Clemens VII.
The cartoon of the Battle of Cascina by Michelangelo.
Hercules and Cacus.

Bandinelli was the son of a prominent Florentine goldsmith,[3] and first apprenticed in his shop. As a boy, he was apprenticed under Giovanni Francesco Rustici, a sculptor friend of Leonardo da Vinci. Among his earliest works was a Saint Jerome in wax, made for Giuliano de' Medici, identified as Bandinelli's by John Pope-Hennessy

Giorgio Vasari, a former pupil in Bandinelli's workshop, claimed Bandinelli was driven by jealousy of Benvenuto Cellini and Michelangelo; and recounts that:

(When) the cartoon of Michelangelo in the Council Hall ("Battle of Cascina" at Palazzo Vecchio) was uncovered, and all the artists ran to copy it, and Baccio (most frequently) among (them),... having counterfeited the key of the chamber. In... 1512, Piero Soderini was deposed and the... Medici reinstated. In the tumult, therefore, Baccio, being by himself, secretly cut the cartoon into several pieces.

Some said he did it that he might have a piece of the cartoon always near him, and others that he wanted to prevent other youths from making use of it; others again say that he did it out of affection for Leonardo da Vinci, or from the hatred he bore to Michelangelo. The loss anyhow to the city was no small one, and Baccio's fault very great.

Bandinelli's lifelong obsession with Michelangelo is a recurring theme in assessments of his career.[4]

Bandinelli was a leader in the group of Florentine Mannerists who were inspired by the revived interest in Donatello attendant on the installation of Donatello's bas-relief panels for the pulpit in San Lorenzo, 1515. The artist presented his relief of the Deposition to Charles V at Genoa in 1529; though the relief has been lost, a bronze from it by Antonio Susini in 1600 (Musée du Louvre) shows the decisive inspiration of Donatello's emotional pitch and intensity;[5] Bandinelli made several drawings of the Donatello reliefs, though later in life he disparaged them in a letter to Cosimo I de' Medici.[6]

His sculptures have never inspired the admiration given those of Michelangelo, specially the colossal (5.05 m) marble group of Hercules and Cacus (completed in 1534) in the Piazza della Signoria, Florence, and Adam and Eve in the Museo Nazionale del Bargello, which both stand within sight of some of Michelangelo's masterworks. Vasari said of him "He did nothing but make bozzetti and finished little", and modern commentators have remarked on the vitality of Bandinelli's terracotta models contrasted with the finished marbles: "all the freshness of his first approach to a subject was lost in the laborious execution in marble... A brilliant draughtsman and excellent small-scale sculptor, he had a morbid fascination for colossi which he was ill-equipped to execute. His failure as a sculptor on a grand scale was accentuated by his desire to imitate Michelangelo."[7]

Hercules and Cacus was commissioned by the Medici pope Clement VII, who had been shown a wax model. The supplied block of Carrara marble was not big enough to execute Bandinelli's wax model. He had to make new wax models, one of which was chosen by the pope as the final draft. Bandinelli had already carved the sculpture as far as the abdomen of Hercules, when during the 1527 Sack of Rome, the pope was taken prisoner. Meanwhile, in Florence, republican enemies of the Medici took advantage of the chaos to exile Ippolito de' Medici. Bandinelli, a supporter of the Medici, was also exiled. In 1530 Emperor Charles V retook Florence after a long siege. Pope Clement VII subsequently installed his illegitimate son Alessandro de' Medici as duke of Tuscany. Bandinelli then returned to Florence and continue work on the statue till completed in 1534, and transported from the Opera del Duomo to its present marble pedestal. But from the moment it was unveiled, it faced ridicule; Cellini compared the ponderous group to 'a sac full of melons'. Afterwards, the Bandinelli tried to sabotage Cellini's career. The statue was restored between February and April 1994.

Bandinelli's drawings, which have in the past masqueraded as Michelangelos in connoisseurs' collections, have come into their own in the later twentieth century.

Among Bandinelli's pupils were Vasari and Francesco de' Rossi (Il Salviati). His sons Clemente, a collaborator in his studio, and Michelangelo Bandinelli were also sculptors.

Selected works

Baccio Bandinelli's works include:

Orpheus, now in the courtyard of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence.
Pietà by Baccio Bandinelli, Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Florence.

A youthful portrait by Andrea del Sarto c. 1517 is conserved at the Uffizi.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The date of his burial.
  2. ↑ The paintings that may be attributed to Bandinelli are only a handful.
  3. ↑ Michelangelo de Viviano de Brandini of Gaiuole and his noble wife Catarina, a daughter of Taddeo Ugolino. Bandinelli produced a falsified genealogy connecting him with the noble Bandinelli of Siena in preparation for his induction into the chivalric Order of St James by Charles V, in Rome, 1530.
  4. ↑ Kathleen Weil-Garris, "Bandinelli and Michelangelo: A Problem of Artist's Identity", in Art the Ape of Nature: Studies in Honor of H.W. Jansen ed. by M. Barasch and L.F. Sandler (New York) 1981.
  5. ↑ Christopher Fulton, "Present at the Inception: Donatello and the Origins of Sixteenth-Century Mannerism" Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 60.2 (1997, pp. 166–199) p. 174 and fig. 9.
  6. ↑ Fulton 1997:178 note 15
  7. ↑ Kurz, Otto (November 1944). "A Model for Bandinelli's Statue of Cosimo I". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. Vol. 85 no. 500. p. 280. The terracotta bozzetto is at the Wallace Collection, London.
  8. ↑ Fox, Margalit (February 5, 2009). "Olga Raggio, a Scholar and Art Curator, Dies at 82". The New York Times.
  9. ↑ Bandinelli's penchant for self-portraits, both hidden and overt, is well documented. Bandinelli's terracotta Head of Saint Paul, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, is actually a self-portrait. Izabella Galicka and Hanna Sygietyńska, "A Newly Discovered Self-Portrait by Baccio Bandinelli" The Burlington Magazine 134, No. 1077 (December 1992, pp. 805–807) p. 805 note.

References

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baccio Bandinelli.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bandinelli, Bartolommeo.

Exhibition catalog

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