Battle of Craonne

Battle of Craonne
Part of the War of the Sixth Coalition
Map of the battle (lower-right corner)
Date 7 March 1814 Location Craonne, France Result French victory
Belligerents
French Empire	Kingdom of Prussia Russian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Napoleon Michel Ney Étienne de Nansouty	Gebhard Blücher Mikhail Vorontsov
Strength
37,000	16,300
Casualties and losses
5,400–8,000	5,000

The Battle of Craonne was fought on 7 March 1814 and resulted in a French victory under Napoleon I against Russians and Prussians under General Blücher.^[1]

Craonne is a village on the Chemin des Dames, in the département of Aisne.

Marshal Blücher had recovered from his earlier setbacks more quickly than Napoleon Bonaparte had hoped, and so the French Emperor was forced to switch his attacks from the Austrian Field Marshal Schwarzenberg back to the Prussian commander. Moving with speed and aggression, the French pushed the Allies over the Aisne river.

While Blücher planned his counter with some 85,000 men, his flanking army did not move fast enough and as a result, Napoleon's 37,000 troops struck Vorontsov's on their own. Napoleon's aim was to pin the Allies and then launch Marshal Ney, leading a mixed force heavily weighted towards cavalry, in a flanking move. Unfortunately for the French, the coordination was poorly timed. Consequently, Ney not only suffered heavy casualties, including cavalry commander Etienne de Nansouty, but the Allies managed to extricate themselves from a sticky situation. Craonne cost Blucher 5,000 casualties, while Napoleon lost some 5,400.

The young French conscripted soldiers were called "Marie-Louises" (after Napoleon's second wife) because Marie-Louise signed the order for their conscription in Napoleon's absence.

Notes

1. Gregory Fremont-Barnes (2002). The Napoleonic Wars: The Fall of the French Empire 1813-1815. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-431-0.

References

• Alison, Archibald (1842). History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons 10. Paris: Baudry's European Library. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
• Chandler, David G. (1966). The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan.
• Chandler, David G. (1979). Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-523670-9.
• Nafziger, George (1994). "French Forces, Battle of Craone, 7 March 1814" (PDF). United States Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
• Nafziger, George (1994). "Russian Forces, Battle of Craone, 7 March 1814" (PDF). United States Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
• Petre, F. Loraine (1994) [1914]. Napoleon at Bay: 1814. London: Lionel Leventhal Ltd. ISBN 1-85367-163-0.
• Smith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill. ISBN 1-85367-276-9.

External links

• Media related to Battle of Craonne at Wikimedia Commons
• Craonne - the bloodiest battle of Campaign of France in 1814
• Illustrated article on the Battle of Craonne at 'Battlefields Europe'