Battle of St. Johns Bluff

Battle of Saint John's Bluff
Part of the American Civil War
The view of St. Johns Bluff where Confederates erected fortifications. Union warships on the St. Johns River fired on the Confederates in this general area.
Date October 1–3, 1862 Location Duval County, Florida, now in Jacksonville Coordinates: 30°23′07″N 81°29′59″W / 30.3852°N 81.4998°W Result Union victory
Belligerents
United States (Union)	CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
John Milton Brannan	Charles F. Hopkins
Strength
1,573[1]	1 artillery battery 1 cavalry company
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

The Battle of St. John's Bluff was fought from October 1–3, 1862, between Union and Confederate forces in Duval County, Florida, during the American Civil War. The battle resulted in a significant Union victory, helping secure their control of the Jacksonville area.

History

Early in the war, in order to stop the movement of Union Navy ships up the St. Johns River, Confederate Brigadier General Joseph Finnegan established an artillery battery on St. Johns Bluff, on the south side of the river 18 miles downstream from Jacksonville, Florida.^[2] This was part of a series of Confederate defensive works that had been constructed near Fort Caroline. But once Union forces had occupied the town of Jacksonville, it became necessary for them to also reduce the enemy batteries along the St. Johns River to consolidate control of the general area.

Union Brigadier General John Milton Brannan embarked with about 1,500 infantry aboard the transports Boston, Ben DeFord, Cosmopolitan, and Neptune at Hilton Head, South Carolina, on September 30, 1862. The flotilla arrived at the mouth of the St. John's River on October 1, where Commander Charles Steedman's gunboats— USS Paul Jones, USS Cimarron, USS Uncas, USS Patroon, USS E. B. Hale, and USS Water Witch—joined them.

By midday, the gunboats approached the bluff, while Brannan began landing troops at Mayport Mills. Another Union infantry force landed at Mount Pleasant Creek, about five miles in the rear of the Confederate battery, and began marching overland on October 2. Outmaneuvered, Lieutenant Colonel Charles F. Hopkins, the local Confederate commander, abandoned the position after dark. When the gunboats approached the bluff the next day, its guns were silent.

See also

• Florida in the American Civil War

References

1. National Park Service Battle Summary
2. "The River War: The Timucuan Preserve in the Civil War" (PDF). National Park Service. U. S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 30 January 2015.

• National Park Service battle description
• CWSAC Report Update

External links

• Fort Caroline National Memorial - official National Park Service website