Bauschänzli

Bauschänzli

Bauschänzli as seen from Bürkliplatz towards Limmatquai and Grossmünster
Location Stadthausquai respectively Limmat in Zürich
Coordinates 47°22′3.65″N 8°32′32.65″E / 47.3676806°N 8.5424028°E / 47.3676806; 8.5424028Coordinates: 47°22′3.65″N 8°32′32.65″E / 47.3676806°N 8.5424028°E / 47.3676806; 8.5424028
Built 1662
Architectural style(s) European Medieval
Governing body City of Zürich

Bauschänzli (diminutive of "construction entrenchment") is a town square and a public park in Zürich, Switzerland. Bauschänzli is one of the last remains of the Baroque fortifications of Zürich which began in 1642. The neighboring Schanzengraben (moat) and the Old Botanical Garden are part of the last remains as well. Since 1907, the island has been used as a restaurant although it is officially a public square and park.[1]

Geography

Bauschänzli is situated in the historical Alpenquai area, on an artificial island. It is on the left-hand shore of the river Limmat, off Bürkliplatz at the Stadthausquai road and opposite Bellevueplatz. A tiny public park can also be found here.

Points of interests

Stadthausquai towards Münsterhof, Frauenbadi lido in the foreground, Zunfthaus zur Meisen and Lindenhof in the backbround.

In addition to the so-called Seeuferanlage and its neighboring Uto and General-Guisan-Quai quays,[2][3] there is nearby the Arboretum Zürich and the Voliere Zürich,[4][5] The Voliere Zürich houses the so-called Vogelpflegestation, a unique sanatory for birds.[6] Other attractions include the historical Lindenhof quarter downstream the Limmat.

Today the small park is dominated by the restaurant of the same name that claims to be the biggest beer garden outside the Munich Octoberfest.[7] The area is illuminated by the Plan Lumière of the city government of Zurich.[8] In December, the area is also home to the Circus Conelli, the only event periodically held on the small island.

History

Prehistory

Drawing by Johann Balthasar Bullinger showing the bulwark in 1770.

The area between Limmat and Lake Zurich around Sechseläutzenplatz and on the small islands and peninsulas in Zürichwas, was once swampland. Prehistoric pile dwellings around Zürichsee were set on piles to protect against occasional flooding by the Linth and Jona. Alpenquai is located on the Lake Zurich shore in Enge, a locality of the municipality of Zürich. It was neighbored by the settlements at Kleiner Hafner and Grosser Hafner, on what was then a peninsula (now an island) in the effluence of the Limmat, on an area of about 0.2 square kilometres (49.42 acres) within the city of Zürich. As well as being part of the 56 Swiss sites of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps,[9][10] the settlements are also listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class object.[11] Despite the dredging for the construction of the Seequai between 1916 and 1919, an amazingly big area of approximately 2.8 hectares (7 acres) with two cultural layers was preserved around Bauschänzli. Pile shoes at different altitudes in the cultural layers were found and rich bar decoration of ceramics occurred exclusively in the lower layer. The decoration on cannelure groups was limited to the upper layer, as well as some graphite-decorated fragments.[12][13]

Grendeltor

Grendeltor by Hans Leu at the end of the 15th century AD

Grendeltor or colloquially Grendel was the only water gate in the medieval Zürich, and it also served as an additional lakeside fortification towards the present Stadelhoferplatz. The gate served as a transit for the vessel traffic between the Limmat and Lake Zurich. It was the only water gate in Zürich, and stood on the right bank of the Limmat at the today's Haus Bellevue, opposite of the Bauschänzli bastion. It was enforced by a double row of palisades. In an assignment list of about 1489 AD, two riflemen "uff the hutten" were mentioned, probably meaning the Grendeltor. The gatetower was also built as a customs station for goods that were transported on the waterway to the civilian used Schifflände harbour situated there. The medieval military harbour was situated at the present Sechseläutenplatz. In 1578, the alert to the buzz uff the huts had to be guaranteed at day and night. The Grendeltor was also broken in the mid-19th century.[14]

Modern history

Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft (ZSG) landing gate probably in the 1850s
Limmatquai and Quaianlagen: Bellevueplatz and Bürkliplatz, Quaibrücke, Münsterbrücke and Münsterhof, and Rathausbrücke–Weinplatz, aerial photography by Eduard Spelterini in the probably mid-1890s.

The name Bauschänzli derives from the former building site Bauplatz Schanz, meaning construction site at the Lair or literally bastion. Later, it was popularly called Schänzlein im Wasser, situated in the historical Kratz quarter. It was built as a bulwark, whereas a picket fence in the south, in the then Lake Zurich shore, was built before, in between 1657 and 1662 AD. As of today, Bauschänzli is reached from the left bank of the Limmat year, at that time the site of the Bauhaus of the city's engineer, by a web-scraped drawbridge.[15] As a southerly outpost, it served as a bastion to protect the city against naval attacks. On a shoal in the Limmat funnel, a small hill was built in 1660, to block access from the lake to the city. It was called Halbmond meaning "half moon", and was also planted with trees. However, it was never seriously threatened in the following years, and thus it was used primarily for public events.[16] The Schwirren, lakeside palisades, were broken in 1834/35 and its wall fortification in 1842.[15] When the fortifications were abolished, the Bauschänzli bastion remained intact and served from 1835 to 1883 as the landing site for the first steamboats on the lake, later provided by the Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft (ZSG). For some years, it was the property of the Canton of Zürich, but was sold back to the city in 1846, under reserve that it must remain opened to the public as a public square. The Leutholdplan map of 1846 showed it as a public park with tall trees and a huge pillars in its centre. In 1907, the owner of the Metropol building at Stadthausquai was allowed to run a garden restaurant and a building was erected for the Biergarten and to house an electric lighting facility. The current economic building and the distinctive column-like poplar were erected in 1937. In 2001/2002, in addition to the renovation and expansion of the Herter-building, new trees were planted and replenished, and the urban Plan Lumière implemented.[16]

Cultural Heritage

Bauschänzli is listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class A object.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Vom Bürkliplatz zur Sukkulenten-Sammlung" (in German). Tiefbau und Entsorgungsdepartement Stadt Zürich. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  2. ↑ "Utoquai" (in German). Grün Stadt Zürich. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
  3. ↑ "General-Guisan-Quai" (in German). Grün Stadt Zürich. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  4. ↑ "Voliere Zürich – Vogelpflegestation" (in German). Voliere Zürich – Vogelpflegestation. Retrieved 2014-12-28.
  5. ↑ "Arboretum" (in German). Grün Stadt Zürich. Retrieved 2014-12-28.
  6. ↑ "Voliere Zürich – Vogelpflegestation" (in German). Voliere Zürich – Vogelpflegestation. Retrieved 2014-12-28.
  7. ↑ "Bauschänzli" (in German). bauschaenzli.ch. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  8. ↑ "Plan Lumière" (in German). Hochbaudepartement Stadt Zürich. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
  9. ↑ "Prehistoric Pile Dwellings in Switzerland". Swiss Coordination Group UNESCO Palafittes (palafittes.org). Retrieved 2014-12-10.
  10. ↑ "World Heritage". palafittes.org. Retrieved 2014-12-10.
  11. ↑ "A-Objekte KGS-Inventar". Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Amt für Bevölkerungsschutz. 2009. Retrieved 2014-12-10.
  12. ↑ "Ältere Eisenzeit = Premier Age du Fer = Prima Età del Ferro". Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Ur- und Frühgeschichte = Annuaire de la Société Suisse de Préhistoire et d'Archéologie = Annuario della Società Svizzera di Preistoria e d'Archeologia 59/1976. 1975. Retrieved 2014-12-12.
  13. ↑ Keltisches Geld in Zürich: Der spektakuläre «Potinklumpen». Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich, Stadtarchäologie, Zürich October 2007.
  14. ↑ Gebrüder Dürst. "Das ehemalige Grendeltor" (in German). alt-zueri.ch. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  15. 1 2 Gebrüder Dürst. "Bauschänzli" (in German). alt-zueri.ch. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  16. 1 2 "Bauschänzli" (in German). Gesundheits- und Umweltdepartement Stadt Zürich. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  17. ↑ "A-Objekte KGS-Inventar". Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Amt für Bevölkerungsschutz. 2009. Retrieved 2015-01-05.

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