GNU Bazaar

GNU Bazaar
Original author(s) Martin Pool
Developer(s) Canonical and community
Initial release 26 March 2005 (2005-03-26)[1]
Stable release 2.7.0 (15 February 2016 (2016-02-15)) [±][2]
Preview release 2.6b2 (24 July 2012 (2012-07-24)) [±]
Development status Active[3]
Written in Python, Pyrex, C
Operating system Cross-platform
Type Distributed revision control system
License GPLv2 or later.[4]
Website bazaar.canonical.com

GNU Bazaar (formerly Bazaar-NG, command line tool bzr) is a distributed revision control system sponsored by Canonical.

Bazaar can be used by a single developer working on multiple branches of local content, or by teams collaborating across a network.

Bazaar is written in the Python programming language, with packages for major GNU/Linux distributions, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows. Bazaar is free software and part of the GNU Project.[5][6]

Features

Bazaar commands are quite similar to those found in CVS or Subversion. A new project can be started and maintained without a remote repository server by invoking the bzr init command in a directory which a person wishes to version.[7]

In contrast to purely distributed version control systems which don't use a central server, Bazaar supports working with or without a central server. It is possible to use both methods at the same time with the same project. The websites Launchpad and Sourceforge provide free hosting service for projects managed with Bazaar.

Bazaar has support for working with some other revision control systems.[8] This allows users to branch from another system (such as Subversion[9]), make local changes and commit them into a Bazaar branch, and then later merge them back into the other system. Read-only access is also available for Git[10] and Mercurial.[11] Bazaar also allows for interoperation with many other systems (including CVS, Darcs, Git, Perforce, Mercurial) by allowing one to import/export the history.[12]

Bazaar supports files with names from the complete Unicode set. It also allows commit messages, committer names, etc. to be in Unicode.

History

Baz: an earlier Canonical version control system

The name "Bazaar" was originally used by a fork of the GNU arch client tla. This fork is now called Baz to distinguish it from the current Bazaar software.[13] Baz was announced in October 2004 by Canonical employee Robert Collins[14] and maintained until 2005, when the project then called Bazaar-NG (the present Bazaar) was announced as Baz's successor.[15] Baz is now unmaintained and Canonical declared it deprecated.[16][17] The last release of Baz was version 1.4.3, released October 2005.[18] A planned 1.5 release of Baz was abandoned in 2006.[19]

Bazaar

In February 2005, Martin Pool, a developer who had previously described and reviewed a number of revision control systems in talks and in his weblog, announced that he had been hired by Canonical and tasked with "build[ing] a distributed version-control system that open-source hackers will love to use."[20] A public website and mailing list were established in March 2005 and the first numbered pre-release, 0.0.1, was released on 26 March 2005.[21][22][23]

Bazaar was conceived from the start as a different piece of software from both GNU arch and Baz. It has a different command set and is a completely different codebase and design. Bazaar was originally intended as a test-bed for features to be later integrated into Baz, but by mid-2005 many of the major Baz developers had begun working primarily on Bazaar directly and Baz was abandoned.[17]

Version 1.0 of Bazaar was released in December 2007.[24] In February 2008, Bazaar became a GNU Project.[5] In April 2012 Martin Pool left Canonical[25] and the pace of development of the project has recently slowed down.[26] According to Jelmer Vernooij the members of Canonical's Bazaar team were assigned to different tasks in early 2012 and he himself stepped down from contributing to Bazaar at the end of 2012, after 7 years of contributing to the project.[27] In March 2013 a discussion on the GNU Emacs mailing list started about whether Bazaar is still effectively maintained and if Emacs should move to another version control system.[28] In January 2014 Eric Raymond proposed and coordinated a transition of GNU Emacs from Bazaar to the git version control system.[29] This transition was completed in November 2014.[30] Likewise, the Bugzilla project retired Bazaar in favor of git in March 2014 for multiple reasons, one of them being the impression that Bazaar was almost dead: "There are maybe 2-3 commits to trunk every month. The time to fix bugs in Bazaar also seems to be quite long, generally."[31]

Version 2.7.0 was released on February 2016.[32]

Adoption

Source code hosting

The following websites provide free source code hosting for Bazaar repositories:

Projects using Bazaar

Prominent projects that use Bazaar for version control include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "bzr 0.0.1 released".
  2. ↑ https://launchpad.net/bzr/+announcement/13860
  3. ↑ Wilbur, Richard (15 February 2016). "2.7.0 released". Canonical. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  4. ↑ "What is Bazaar?". Bazaar is an official GNU project, licensed under the GPLv2 or later, at your option.
  5. 1 2 Pool, Martin (2008-02-26). "Bazaar is now a GNU project". bazaar-announce (Mailing list). Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  6. ↑ Pool, Martin (2008-05-21). "Bazaar becomes a GNU project". info-gnu (Mailing list). Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  7. ↑ bzr man page
  8. ↑ Vernooij, Jelmer; John Meinel; Olad Conradi; Martin Pool; Wouter Van Heyst; Aaron Bentley (2007-06-15). "BzrForeignBranches". Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  9. ↑ Vernooij, Jelmer; Mark Lee; Neil Martinsen-Burrell; Robert Collins; Alexandre Vassalotti; Stijn Hoop (2007-06-07). "BzrForeignBranches/Subversion". Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  10. ↑ bzr git support plugin in Launchpad
  11. ↑ The Bazaar Hg Plugin in Launchpad
  12. ↑ fastimport documentation
  13. ↑ Pool, Martin; Matthieu Moy; Matthew Hannigan (2007-03-09). "Branding". Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  14. ↑ Collins, Robert (2004-10-29). "Announce: Bazaar". Gnu-arch-users (Mailing list). Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  15. ↑ Moy, Matthieu (2005-08-20). "Future of GNU Arch, bazaar and bazaar-ng ... ?". bazaar-old (Mailing list). Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  16. ↑ "Baz1x - Bazaar Version Control". 2006-07-24. Archived from the original on 7 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  17. 1 2 Arbash Meinel, John; Aaron Bentley; Martin Pool; Mark Shuttleworth (2006-07-26). "HistoryOfBazaar". Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  18. ↑ Moy, Matthieu (2005-10-25). "ReleaseNotes1.4.3". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  19. ↑ Collins, Robert (2006-06-30). "releasing 1.5". bazaar-old (Mailing list). Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  20. ↑ Pool, Martin (2005-02-01). "sourcefrog: A beginning". Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  21. ↑ Pool, Martin (2005-03-23). "(test)". bazaar (Mailing list). Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  22. ↑ Bentley, Aaron (2005-03-23). "Re: State of the Arches". gnu-arch-users (Mailing list). Retrieved 2008-05-23. For completeness, it's probably worth mentioning that bazaar-ng (www.bazaar-ng.org) is another rcs system sponsored by Canonical
  23. ↑ Pool, Martin (2005-03-26). "bzr 0.0.1 released". bazaar (Mailing list). Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  24. ↑ "Canonical Releases Version 1.0 of Bazaar Version Control Tool for Efficient Developer Collaboration" (Press release). Canonical. 2007-12-14. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  25. ↑ Pool, Martin (2012-04-12). "leaving Canonical". bazaar (Mailing list). Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  26. ↑ Corbet, Jonathan (2012-09-11). "Bazaar on the slow track". LWN.net. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
  27. ↑ Vernooij, Jelmer (2012-12-19). "Bazaar-NG: 7 years of hacking on a distributed version control system". Retrieved 2012-12-21.
  28. ↑ "On the subject of Git, Bazaar, and the future of Emacs development". emacs-devel. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  29. ↑ "bzr is dying; Emacs needs to move". emacs-devel. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  30. ↑ "Emacs git conversion is done".
  31. ↑ "Bugzilla:Migrating to git - MozillaWiki". 19 March 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  32. ↑ Wilbur, Richard (15 February 2016). "2.7.0 released". Canonical. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  33. ↑ "About". Fedora Hosted. Retrieved 2013-07-09.
  34. ↑ "Download - Kicad EDA".
  35. ↑ "Ubuntu in Launchpad". Canonical. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  36. ↑ "Armagetron Advanced Downloads". Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
  37. ↑ "Source code repository has moved to Launchpad". 2009-12-09. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  38. ↑ "BzrInstructions - Squid Web Proxy Wiki". Wiki.squid-cache.org. 2012-09-22. Retrieved 2013-07-09.
  39. ↑ "Beautiful Soup website". Retrieved 2014-10-26.
  40. ↑ "Midori website". Retrieved 2015-07-19.

External links

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