Beatritz de Dia
The Comtessa de Dia (Countess of Die),[1] probably named Beatritz or Beatriz (fl. c. 1175), was a trobairitz (female troubadour).
She is only known as the comtessa de Dia in contemporary documents, but was almost certainly named Beatriz and likely the daughter of Count Isoard II of Diá (a town northeast of Montelimar in southern France). According to her vida, she was married to William of Poitiers, but was in love with and sang about Raimbaut of Orange (1146-1173).[2] Bruckner, Shepard, and White cite Angela Rieger's analysis of the songs, which associates them, through intertextual evidence, with the circle of poets composed of Raimbaut d'Aurenga, Bernart de Ventadorn, and Azalais de Porcairagues.[2] Marcelle Thiébaux, and Claude Marks have associated her not with Raimbaut d'Aurenga but with his nephew or great nephew of the same name.[3][4] If her songs are addressed to Raimbaut d'Aurenga's nephew Raimbaut IV, the Comtessa de Dia may have been urging the latter to support Raymond V of Toulouse.[4]
It has also been hypothesised that the Comtessa de Dia was in fact married to Guillem's son, Ademar de Peiteus, whose wife's name was Philippa de Fay, and that her real lover was Raimbaut de Vaqueiras.[5]
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A chantar m'er
 The only existing song by a trobairitz which survives with music. |
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Beatrice's poems were often set to the music of a flute. Five of her works survive, including 4 cansos and 1 tenson.[6] Scholars have debated whether or not Comtessa authored Amics, en greu consirier, a tenso typically attributed to Raimbaut d'Aurenga. One reason for this is due to the similarities between this composition and her own Estat ai en greu consirier. A second reason references the words in her vida, Et enamoret se d'En Rambaut d' Ashley, e fez de lui mantas bonas cansos [And she fell in love with Sir Raimbaut d'Aurenga, and made about him many good cansos].[7]
Interestingly, a tenso between Giraut de Bornelh and Alamanda closely matches the structure of A chantar m'er de so qu'ieu non volria (I must sing a song I'd rather not). The phrase in it, vestida ni nuda (dressed nor nude) echoes en lieig e quand sui vestida (in bed and when I am dressed) in Estat ai en greu cossirier (I dwell in sorrow). The tenso may have been composed as a response to these songs
Her song A chantar m'er de so qu'eu no volria in the Occitan language is the only canso by a trobairitz to survive with its music intact.[8] The music to A chantar is found only in Le manuscript di roi, a collection of songs copied around 1270 for Charles of Anjou, the brother of Louis IX.[9]
Her extant poems are:[7]
- Ab joi et ab joven m'apais
- A chantar m'er de so qu'ieu non volria
- Estât ai en greu cossirier
- Fin ioi me don'alegranssa
Typical subject matter used by Comtessa de Dia in her lyrics includes optimism, praise of herself and her love, as well as betrayal. In A chantar, Comtessa plays the part of a betrayed lover, and despite the fact she has been betrayed, continues to defend and praise herself. In Fin ioi me don'alegranssa, however, Comtessa makes fun of the lausengier, a person known for gossiping, comparing those who gossip to a "cloud that obscures the sun."[10] In writing style, Comtessa uses a process known as coblas singulars in A chantar, repeating the same rhyme scheme in each strophe, but changing the a rhyme each time. Ab ioi, on the other hand, uses coblas doblas, with a rhyme scheme of ab' ab' b' aab'.[2] A chantar uses some of the motifs of Idyll II of Theocritus.[10]
In popular culture
She is the subject of a series of historical novels by the East German author Irmtraud Morgner.[11]
Notes
- ↑ Diá in modern Occitan spelling; Dia in medieval Occitan writing, which could be stressed over i or perhaps already over a like in modern Occitan.
- 1 2 3 Bruckner, Matilda Tomaryn. (1995). Songs of the Women Troubadours.
- ↑ Thiébaux , Marcelle. (1994). The Writings of Medieval Women.
- 1 2 Marks, Claude. (1975). Pilgrims, Heretics, and Lovers.
- ↑ Bibliografia Elettronica dei Trovatori, version 2.0, online since 1 Sept. 2008. Accessed 18 June 2013.
- ↑ Troubadour Music at the Music Encyclopedia.
- 1 2 Paden, William D. The Voice of the Trobairitz.
- ↑ Elizabeth Aubrey. "Comtessa de Dia", Grove Music Online.
- ↑ Pendle, Karin. Women and Music: A History.
- 1 2 Earnshaw, Doris. The Female Voice in Medieval Romance Lyric
- ↑ Irmtraud Morgner's Trobadora Beatrice by Elizabeth Morier
References
- Troubadour Music at the Music Encyclopedia. Accessed February 2008.
- Socialist Magical Realism Irmtraud Morgner's Trobadora Beatrice by Elizabeth Morier. The Complete Review, Volume II, Issue 2- May, 2001. Accessed February 2008.
- Bruckner, Matilda Tomaryn; Shepard, Laurie; White, Sarah (1995). Songs of the Women Troubadours. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-8153-0817-5.
- Earnshaw, Doris (1988). "The Female Voice in Medieval Romance Lyric". American university studies.; Series II,; Romance languages and literature (Book). Series II (v. 68). ISBN 0-8204-0575-2.
- Marks, Claude (1975). Pilgrims, Heretics, and Lovers. New York: MacMillan. ISBN 0-0257-9770-0.
- Paden, William D. (1989). The Voice of the Trobairitz:Perspectives on the Women Troubadours. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-8167-5.
- Pendle, Karin (1991). Women and Music: A History. Bloomington, Indiana: Bloomington Indiana University Press. p. 12.
- Schulman, Jana K. (2002). The Rise of the Medieval World 500-1300. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-313-30817-8.
- Thiébaux, Marcelle (1994). The Writings of Medieval Women: An Anthology. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8153-1392-6.
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