Before the Law

"Before the Law"
Ein Landarzt, first edition
Author	Franz Kafka
Original title	"Vor dem Gesetz"
Language	German
Published in	Selbstwehr, 1919 in Ein Landarzt, 1925 in Der Process
Publisher	1919 Kurt Wolff
Publication date	1915

"Before the Law" (German: "Vor dem Gesetz") is a parable contained in the novel The Trial (German: Der Prozess), by Franz Kafka. "Before the Law" was published in Kafka's lifetime, first in the 1915 New Year's edition of the independent Jewish weekly Selbstwehr, then in 1919 as part of the collection Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor). The Trial, however, was not published until 1925, after Kafka's death.

Plot summary

"Before the Law"

A man from the country seeks the law and wishes to gain entry to the law through an open doorway, but the doorkeeper tells the man that he cannot go through at the present time. The man asks if he can ever go through, and the doorkeeper says that it is possible but "not just yet" ("jetzt aber nicht"). The man waits by the door for years, bribing the doorkeeper with everything he has. The doorkeeper accepts the bribes, but tells the man that he accepts them "so that you do not think you have failed to do anything." The man does not attempt to murder or hurt the doorkeeper to gain the law, but waits at the door until he is about to die. Right before his death, he asks the doorkeeper why even though everyone seeks the law, no one else has come in all the years. The doorkeeper answers "No one else could ever be admitted here, since this gate was made only for you. I am now going to shut it."

In some English translations of the original German text, the word "Law" is capitalized. In the original German, the capitalization of the word Gesetz ("Law") reflects a standard adherence to the rules of German orthography, which require that all nouns be capitalized, and does not necessarily have wider significance.

In The Trial

Josef K has to show an important client from Italy around a cathedral. The client does not show up, but just as K is leaving the cathedral, the priest calls out K's name, although K has never met the priest. The priest reveals that he is a court employee, and he tells K the story (Before the Law), prefacing it by saying it is from "the opening paragraphs [introductory] to the Law." The priest and K then discuss interpretations of the story before K leaves the cathedral.

References in works by other authors

The parable is referenced and reworked in the penultimate chapter of J. M. Coetzee's novel Elizabeth Costello.

Jacques Derrida's essay of the same title examines the meta-fictional aspects of the structure and content of Kafka's fable, such as the placing of the title before the body of the text and also within the first line of the text itself. Derrida incorporates Immanuel Kant's notion of the categorical imperative as well as Freudian psychoanalysis in his reading of Kafka's fable.

The Martin Scorsese film After Hours features a scene which parodies this parable.

The post-rock band Long Distance Calling uses the spoken animated introduction sequence from the Orson Welles' film in the track Fire in the Mountain.

External links

• An English translation of 'Before the Law'.
• Before the Law public domain audiobook at LibriVox