Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union

The Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union (Dutch: Belgisch-Luxemburgse Economische Unie, French: Union économique belgo-luxembourgeoise, Luxembourgish: Belsch-Lëtzebuerger Wirtschaftsunion), abbreviated to BLEU or UEBL, is an economic and monetary union between Belgium and Luxembourg, two countries in the Benelux economic union.

BLEU was created by a treaty, signed on 25 July 1921, despite a referendum against such a proposal, between Belgium and Luxembourg, and came into effect upon ratification by the Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies on 22 December 1922.[1][2] The original treaty lasted for fifty years, expiring in 1972; this was extended for ten years in 1982 and again in 1992. On 18 December 2002, the two countries and the three regions of Belgium signed a new convention.

Under the terms of the treaty, the economic frontier was lifted and the Belgian franc and Luxembourg franc were set at a fixed parity (though revised in 1935 and 1944). International trade statistics were available for BLEU only as a combined entity until 1999, when European Community rules required split information.

It has been seen as the forerunner of Benelux, which was established by the London Customs Convention and also includes the Netherlands.

While many aims of the BLEU have been subsumed by the European Union, it still has some relevance in being able to decide more precise measures within the more general boundaries of European level decisions.

History

Compared with the Zollverein, the UEBL had several advantages for Luxembourg. Belgium was only allowed to alter its customs tariffs or conclude trade treaties after consultation with the Luxembourgish government, whereas before 1918 Luxembourg had had to go along with German decisions. Similarly, only Luxembourgish customs agents would operate in Luxembourg, while under the Zollverein Prussian officials had operated in Luxembourg.

The functioning of the UEBL was entrusted to a Board of Directors consisting of two Belgian members (including the chairman) and one Luxembourgish member, and the Higher Council of the Union (with three Belgian and two Luxembourgish members).

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Belgium and Luxembourg - Convention for the establishment of an Economic Union between the two countries, signed at Brussels, July 25, 1921 [1922] LNTSer 58; 9 LNTS 223". worldlii.org.
  2. ↑ Kreins (2003), pp.92–3

References

External links


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