Bentley Continental R

Bentley Continental R
Overview
Manufacturer	Bentley
Also called	Continental S Continental T
Production	1991–2003
Body and chassis
Class	Ultra luxury coupé (S)
Related	Bentley Mulsanne Bentley Azure Bentley Turbo R
Powertrain
Engine	6.75 L turbo Bentley V8
Transmission	4-sp 4L80-E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	120.5 in (3,061 mm) 116.5 in (2,959 mm) T
Length	210.3 in (5,342 mm)
Width	80.5 in (2,045 mm)
Height	57.6 in (1,463 mm)
Kerb weight	5,340 lb (2,420 kg)
Chronology
Predecessor	None First Bentley not re-badged Rolls Royce since Bentley S3 Continental
Successor	Bentley Brooklands Coupé

The Bentley Continental R was a large, ultra exclusive, luxury coupé made by Bentley from 1991 to 2003. It was the first Bentley to feature a body not shared with a Rolls-Royce model since the S3 Continental of 1965, the first to use the GM 4L80-E transmission, and the fastest, most expensive, and most powerful Bentley of its day. It was also the most expensive production car in the world at launch. A convertible derivative, the Bentley Azure, was launched in 1995.

Origin and the Bentley revival

As Managing Director of Rolls Royce Motor Cars in the early 1980's, David Plastow could see the potential in the Bentley brand.^[1] It had been neglected for the previous 15 years and made up only a very small percentage of the company's sales at that time, particularly outside the UK in important markets such as the USA.^[2] The first move was to turbo charge the standard Bentley 4 door saloon: the Bentley Mulsanne Turbo was launched in 1982. On the back of this the, Peter Ward, marketing director at the company, wanted to further enhance the distinctive sporting nature of the Bentley brand and move away from a Bentley that was merely a re-badged Rolls Royce.^[3] They appointed stylists John Heffernan and Ken Greenley to come up with ideas for a new, distinctive, Bentley coupé.^[4] The fibreglass mock up was displayed at the 1984 Geneva Motor Show in Rolls-Royce's "Project 90" concept of a future Bentley coupé. The concept was met with an enthusiastic reception, but the Project 90 design was largely shelved as the company began to work towards a replacement for the Rolls-Royce Corniche. During this process, Graham Hull, chief stylist in house at Rolls Royce, suggested the designs before the board for the Corniche, would suit a Bentley coupé better.^[5] From this point it was decided the Corniche could continue as it was, and efforts would once again be channelled into a new Bentley coupé. In 1986 Graham Hull produced a design rendering of a new Bentley coupé which became the Continental R. Based on the Bentley Turbo R platform, an aerodynamically shaped coupé body had been styled.

John Heffernan and Ken Greenley were officially retained to complete the design of the Continental R. They had run the Automotive Design School at the Royal College of Art and headed up their own consultancy, International Automotive Design, based in Worthing, Southern England. Greenley and Heffernan liaised constantly throughout the styling process with Graham Hull. The interior was entirely the work of Graham Hull and the small in house styling team at Rolls Royce. The shape of the car was very different from the somewhat slab sided four door SZ Rolls-Royce and Bentley vehicles of the time and offered a much improved 0.37 coefficient of drag. The Continental R also featured roof-cut door frames, a necessity to allow easier access into the car which had a lower roof line than its 4 door contemporaries. A subtle spoiler effect was also a feature of the rear. The finished car is widely acknowledged as a very cleverly styled vehicle, disguising its huge dimensions (The Continental R is around 4" longer than a 2013 long wheelbase Mercedes S Class) and a very well proportioned, extremely attractive, car.

The "Continental" designation recalls the Bentley Continental of the post-war period. The "R" was meant to recall the R Type Bentleys from the 1950s as well as the Turbo R of the 1980s and 90's where the "R" refers to "roadholding".

The revival of the Bentley marque following the introduction of the Bentley Mulsanne Turbo, and then the Continental R, is widely acknowledged to have saved Rolls Royce Motor cars and formed the groundwork which lead to the buyout and parting of the Rolls Royce and Bentley brands in 1998. Bentley was once again capable of standing alone as a marque in its own right.

The 1991 launch

A completed pre-production Continental R was secretly taken to Switzerland for a surprise launch of the model at the 1991 Geneva Motor Show (It had been expected the car would be launched in 1992).^[6] It was driven from behind a wall on the Rolls Royce stand to Handel's Zadok the Priest and the Sultan of Brunei purchased the show car at the show for over £2m.^[7] The new Mercedes S Class, W140, also launched at the show, was completely upstaged by the unexpected, vermilion red, new Bentley Coupé.

The Continental R evolution from launch

General overview

The 6.75 L Garrett-turbocharged engine from the Bentley Turbo R was chosen for use in the Continental R. In early cars (1991 - 1993) power output of 325 hp (242 kW) at 4000rpm and peak torque of 450 lb·ft (610 N·m) at 2000rpm was available, although this was always estimated, as, at that time, Rolls-Royce still had a policy of not supplying official figures, preferring to describe simply as "adequate" or "sufficient".

The car used the new 4-speed GM 4L80-E automatic transmission and featured self-levelling hydraulic suspension (adaptive ride/Automatic Ride Control), ventilated disc brakes at the front, with twin calipers. Engine management via the MK-Motronic digital fuel injection with fully mapped ignition control system. At launch, top speed was 145 mph (233 km/h), and a 0-60 mph (97 km/h) time of 6.6 seconds. The Continental R was priced at US$271,780 in 1992. £178,000 in the UK at launch.

All cars were equipped with a centre console mounted electronic gear selector (the first time Rolls Royce had made a car without the autobox selector on the steering column), with a Sport button to simultaneously adjust gearbox mapping and stiffen the suspension for more aggressive driving and handling. For such a large and heavy car, the Continental R was repeatedly acknowledged by road testers and journalists as displaying superb handling characteristics at high speeds.^[8][9]

The 1994 model year, priced in the UK at £180,120, saw a number of revisions to the engine, including revisions to the cylinder heads courtesy of Cosworth (another company within the Vickers group, alongside Rolls Royce and Bentley). The alloy wheels were also increased in diameter to 17" and were of a completely new 7 spoke design. Power was now estimated at around 360 bhp (268kw) at 4000rpm and peak torque 500lbft (677Nm) at 2000rpm.

The Continental S was a limited-edition performance model made in 1994 and 1995 with a liquid cooled chargecooler added. Only thirty seven were produced and offered to established Bentley customers. The late Alan Clark MP was one such owner. This engine had an estimated 385 bhp (287Kw) (some sources estimate 400 bhp), and 0-60 times improved to 6.1 seconds.

1996 Bentley Continental R interior in magnolia & wildberry

The 1996 model year (chassis numbers between 53001 and 53514), priced at £187,354 in the UK, saw some of the most significant changes since the launch of the car, notably the inclusion of the liquid cooled chargecooler as standard, along with improved engine management, Zytek EMS3, which meant improvement in throttle response, improvement in fuel efficiency and digitally controlled turbo over-boost. It also meant an increase in power output, and a change in policy by Rolls Royce: this was the first time performance figures were officially released by the manufacturer, departing from a long tradition of describing performance as "adequate" or "sufficient". Probably the reason for this is because the figures were very impressive: 385 bhp (287Kw/390Ps) at 4000rpm and torque of 550lbft (745Nm), peaking at only 2000rpm, and available up to 4000rpm (UK brochure). No other production car in the world at the time delivered such levels of torque, leading Autocar to suggest, when road testing the 1996 model year car in August 1995, that the makers could have almost deleted the gearbox altogether, such were the enormous levels of low down torque available.^[10] 0-60 mph was now officially quoted by Rolls Royce as "sub 6 seconds" and a top speed of 155 mph (UK brochure). The 1996 model year also saw revised 17" alloy wheels and steering wheel tilt adjustment for the first time. This was electrically adjustable and so could now be set as part of the seat and wing mirror memory positions. Electronic Traction Assistance System began to appear on the later 1996 model year cars (around late 1996 up to the introduction of the 1998 model year car in August 1997)

The 1998 model year (chassis numbers between 63001 and 63564) included the electronic traction assistance system and some cosmetic changes. Power and torque remained the same as 1996, but 0-60 mph now quoted as "6 seconds", top speed 155 mph (UK brochure). The cosmetic revisions included fitting the same front seats as fitted to the Bentley Azure, which were lifted from the BMW 8 series and trimmed by Rolls Royce, featuring an integrated seat belt. Other revisions included small mesh vents below the headlights, laser-cut mesh radiator grill as standard, revised alloy wheels and minor changes to front and rear bumpers.

2001 Continental R Mulliner

The Continental R California Edition was a limited edition of 6 wide body coupés produced in 1998 only. Other than the California Editions one other wide body was made in 1998. Number six only was fitted with the full-spec Continental T engine that just became available in 1998 with some 420 hp (313 kW) and a maximum torque of 650 lb·ft (881 N·m). This car was the first Continental R fitted with the 420 engine, and the only one under English ownership. The larger dual-caliper brakes were also fitted to number six as well as numerous other features that later were incorporated into the 2000-2003 Continental R420 including push button start, eight gauges, and other unique features. Perhaps number six was the inspiration for the later R420, both of which performed similarly to the Continental R Mulliner.

Rear of 2001 Continental R420 Mulliner, the first one built

The Continental R Mulliner model range, offered from March 1999, was introduced at the Geneva Motor Show. The Bentley Continental R Mulliner was equipped with the most powerful engine after the Continental T. This engine had a power output of 420 hp (313 kW) and a maximum torque of 650 lb·ft (881 N·m). The car could be pushed to a top speed of some 170 mph (274 km/h). 0-60 mph (97 km/h) times dropped to 5.6 seconds with the computer nannies left on, and if an owner was willing to shred their tires for 50 or more yards, capable of 5.1 second times with the traction control off and abusive driving practices.

Between 1999 and the end of production in 2003, Bentley indulged customers in a variety of special customised cars under their Personal Commission programme with a number of cars fitted with the 420 hp engine including the Le Mans, Continental R,420 and Millennium. A total of 194 Continental R motor cars had the 420 engine — some of which were also wide body cars.

Continental R effect and the Blackpool cars

The launch of the Continental R had the effect of stimulating the imagination and demands of some of the world wealthiest individuals and throughout the mid 1990's Rolls Royce was tasked with creating numerous special cars, a service beyond that of mere customisation. Code named "Blackpool cars",^[11] these were vehicles, generally based around Continental R, but with unique body shells often costing several million pounds to tool up, from which a handful of examples would be made.^[12] The best known customer for these cars was the Sultan of Brunei who had numerous unique vehicles made reportedly placing orders worth tens of millions of pounds with Rolls Royce during this period.^[13]

End of the line

Bentley Continental R production finally ceased in 2003 as the last car still based on the SY Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow platform with features unique to the company and which have disappeared on cars built since. The Bentley Continental R has become acknowledged as the end of an era, and a rare modern classic.^[14]

Continental T

The high-performance Bentley Continental T brought sportier handling and higher power to the Continental range.

Bentley Continental T

The Bentley Continental T had 590 lb·ft (800 N·m) and from 1997 650 lb·ft (881 N·m) positioned this car at the top. The Continental T was a 2+2 coupé developed from the Bentley Continental R with a more athletic outward appearance due to a 4-inch (10 cm) shorter wheelbase and extended front and rear wheel arches. The interior featured an engine-turned dash with chrome-finished instruments (as opposed to the wood finish in the Continental R). The Continental T's engine responded to a separate push-button starter. Performance, due to 200 lb (91 kg) less weight, was slightly better than the Continental R cars with the same 420 engine.

The Bentley Continental T Mulliner was introduced in 1999. Modified shock absorbers in combination with stiffer torsion bars (front +40%, rear +20%) increased the Continental's handling ability.

Continental SC Sedanca

The Continental SC Sedanca was a short production version of the Continental T of 73 units, with a lift-out glass sun roof over the front two seats. Produced in 1999, owners for this model included boxer Mike Tyson.^[15] There were also six Mulliner SC's built.

Production

• Continental R/S: 1504
  • Continental R (1991–2002): 1236
  • Continental S (1994–1995): 37
  • Continental R California Edition (1998): 6
  • Continental R (2000) Millenium Edition: 10
  • Continental R Mulliner (1999–2003): 131
  • Continental R 420 (2000–2003): 38
  • Continental R Le Mans (2001): 46
• Continental T: 350
  • Continental T (1996 — 2002): 322
  • Continental T Mulliner (1999): 23
  • Continental T Le Mans (2001): 5
  • Continental SC (1999): 73
  • Continental SC Mulliner (1999): 6

References

1. James, Taylor (2012). Bentley Since 1965. Crowood Press Ltd. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-84797-371-9.
2. Graham, Robson (2010). Bentley A Legend Reborn. Haynes Publishing. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-84425-491-0.
3. Lewandowski, Jurgen (1991). Continental R. Sudwest. p. 31.
4. Hull, Graham (2014). Inside the Rolls-Royce and Bentley Styling Department 1971-2001. Veloce. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-845846-01-5.
5. Hull, Graham (2014). Inside the Rolls-Royce and Bentley Styling Department 1971-2001. Veloce. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-845846-01-5.
6. Lewandowski, Jurgen (1991). Continental R. Sudwest. p. 79.
7. Reg, Abbiss (2014). The Bentley Story. The History Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-7509-5462-4.
8. "Autocar Road Test". Autocar: 49. August 1995.
9. "Patriot Games". Top Gear: 56. October 1994.
10. "Autocar Road Test". Autocar: 49. August 1995.
11. Graham, Hull (2014). Inside the Rolls-Royce & Bentley Styling Department 1971-2001. Veloce. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-845846-01-5.
12. Hull, Graham (2014). Inside the Rolls-Royce & Bentley Styling Department 1971-2001. Veloce. pp. 110–121. ISBN 978-1-845846-01-5.
13. Reg, Abbiss (2014). The Bentley Story. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5462-4.
14. Quentin, Willson (November 2005). "Quentin Willson's New Age Classics: Bentley Continental R". Classic Cars.
15. "Mike Tyson | Bentley up for sale | Fans to bid | The Sun |HomePage|Motors". The Sun. 2008-03-08. Retrieved 2010-10-02.

• "K.-J. Roßfeldt: Bentley Continental R". RRAB.com. Retrieved February 17, 2006.
• "K.-J. Roßfeldt: Bentley Continental T". RRAB.com. Retrieved February 17, 2006.
• Ray Hutton. "Preview: Bentley Continental R". Car and Driver (March 1992): 71–75.

External links