Benzenehexol

Benzenehexol
Names
IUPAC name
benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Other names
hexahydroxybenzene
Identifiers
608-80-0 YesY
ChemSpider 62319 YesY
Jmol interactive 3D Image
PubChem 69102
Properties
C6H6O6
Molar mass 174.11
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Benzenehexol, also called hexahydroxybenzene, is an organic compound with formula C6H6O6 or C6(OH)6. It is a six-fold phenol of benzene.[1][2] The product is also called hexaphenol,[3] but this name has been used also for other substances.[4]

Benzenehexol is a crystalline solid soluble in hot water,[3] with a melting point above 310°.[1] It can be prepared from inositol (cyclohexanehexol). Oxidation of benzenehexol yields tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone (THBQ), rhodizonic acid, and dodecahydroxycyclohexane.[5] Conversely, benzenehexol can be obtained by reduction of sodium THBQ salt with SnCl2/HCl.[6]

Benzenehexol is a starting material for a class of discotic liquid crystals.[6]

Benzenehexol forms an adduct with 2,2'-bipyridine, with 1:2 molecular ratio.[7]

Benzenehexolate

Like most phenols, benzenehexol can lose the six H+ ions from the hydroxyl groups, yielding the hexaanion C6O66−. The potassium salt of this anion is one of the components of Liebig's so-called "potassium carbonyl", the product of the reaction of carbon monoxide with potassium. The hexaanion is produced by trimerization of the acetylenediolate anion C
2O2−
2 when heating potassium acetylenediolate K
2C
2O
2.[8] The nature of K
6C
6O
6 was clarified by R. Nietzki and T. Benckiser in 1885, who found that its hydrolysis yielded benzenehexol.[9][10][11]

The lithium salt of this anion, Li6C6O6 has been considered for electric battery applications.[12]

Esters

Hexahydroxy benzene forms esters such as the hexaacetate C
6(-O(CO)CH3)6 (melting point 220 °C) and ethers like hexa-tert-butoxybenzene C
6(-OC(CH3)3)6 (melting point 223 °C).[8]

References

  1. 1 2 A. J. Fatiadi and W. F. Sager (1973), Hexahydroxybenzene [Benzenehexol] Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 5, p. 595
  2. ↑ Gerd Leston(1996), (Polyhydroxy)benzenes. In Kirk‑Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/0471238961.1615122512051920.a01
  3. 1 2 J.I.G. Codagan, John Buckingham, Finlay J. MacDonald, P. H. Rhodes (1996), Dictionary of organic compounds. CRC Press. 9000 pages. ISBN 0-412-54090-8, ISBN 978-0-412-54090-5.
  4. ↑ HEXAPHENOL Basic information. Chemical Book. Accessed on 2009-07-05.
  5. ↑ Alexander J. Fatiadi; Horace S. Isbell; William F. Sager (March–April 1963). "Cyclic Polyhydroxy Ketones. I. Oxidation Products of Hexahydroxybenzene (Benzenehexol)" (PDF). Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards A: Physics and Chemistry 67A (2): 153–162. doi:10.6028/jres.067A.015.
  6. 1 2 Sandeep Kumar (2006), Self-organization of disc-like molecules: chemical aspects. Chem. Soc. Rev., volume 35, 83–109. doi:10.1039/b506619k
  7. ↑ John A. Cowan, Judith A. K. Howard, Michael A. Leech, Horst Puschmann and Ian D. Williams (2001), Hexahydroxybenzene—2,2'-bipyridine (1/2). Acta Crystallographica Section C, volume C57, 1194–1195.
  8. 1 2 Fèlix Serratosa (1983), Acetylene Diethers: A Logical Entry to Oxocarbons. Acc. Chem. Res. volume 16, pages 170--176. doi:10.1021/ar00089a004
  9. ↑ R. Nietzki and T. Benckiser (1885), Berichte Chemie, volume 18, page 1834. Cited by Fatiadi and Sanger.
  10. ↑ Ludwig Mond (1892), On metallic carbonyls. Proceedings of the Royal Institution, volume 13, pages 668-680. Reprinted in The Development of Chemistry, 1789-1914: Selected essays edited by D. Knight (1998). ISBN 0-415-17912-2 Online version at books.google.com, accessed on 2010-01-15.
  11. ↑ Werner Büchner, E. Weiss (1964) Zur Kenntnis der sogenannten «Alkalicarbonyle» IV[1] Über die Reaktion von geschmolzenem Kalium mit Kohlenmonoxid. Helvetica Chimica Acta, Volume 47 Issue 6, Pages 1415–1423. doi:10.1002/hlca.19640470604
  12. ↑ Haiyan Chen, Michel Armand, Matthieu Courty, Meng Jiang, Clare P. Grey, Franck Dolhem, Jean-Marie Tarascon, and Philippe Poizot (2009), Lithium Salt of Tetrahydroxybenzoquinone: Toward the Development of a Sustainable Li-Ion Battery J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131 (25), pp. 8984–8988 doi:10.1021/ja9024897
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