Bernardus Johannes Alfrink

His Eminence Bernardus Johannes Alfrink
Cardinal, Archbishop of Utrecht Primate of the Netherlands
Photo: Archepiscopal Archives Utrecht
Archdiocese	Utrecht
Installed	31 October 1955
Term ended	6 December 1975
Predecessor	Johannes de Jong
Successor	Johannes Willebrands
Orders
Ordination	15 August 1924
Consecration	17 July 1951
Created Cardinal	28 March 1960
Rank	Cardinal Priest
Personal details
Born	5 July 1900 Nijkerk, Netherlands
Died	17 December 1987 Nieuwegein, Netherlands
Buried	St. Catherine's Cathedral, Utrecht, Netherlands
Nationality	Dutch
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Motto	EVANGELIZARE DIVITIAS CHRISTI

Bernardus Johannes Alfrink (5 July 1900, Nijkerk, Gelderland – Nieuwegein Utrecht 17 December 1987) was a Dutch Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Utrecht from 1955 to 1975, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1960.^[1]

Biography

Coat of arms of cardinal Bernardus Alfrink.

Bernardus Alfrink was born in Nijkerk, and received his first Communion in 1911. After attending at the seminary in Rijsenburg and the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome, he was ordained to the priesthood on 15 August 1924 by Archbishop Henricus van de Wetering. He then completed his studies at the École Biblique in Jerusalem in 1930, and did pastoral work in Utrecht until 1933. Alfrink taught at the Seminary of Rijsenburg (1933–1945) and later the Catholic University of Nijmegen (1945–1951).

On 28 May 1951 he was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Utrecht and Titular Archbishop of Tyana. Alfrink received his episcopal consecration on the following 17 July from Archbishop Paolo Giobbe, papal internuncio in The Hague, with Bishops Willem Lemmens and Jan Smit serving as co-consecrators, in St. Catherine's Cathedral.

Alfrink succeeded Cardinal Johannes de Jong as Archbishop of Utrecht on 31 October 1955 and was named Apostolic vicar of the Catholic Military vicariate of the Netherlands on 16 April 1957. He contributed to scientific publications, led the Pax Christi movement in the Netherlands,^[2] and was created Cardinal-Priest of San Gioacchino ai Prati di Castello by Pope John XXIII in the consistory of 28 March 1960.

From 1962 to 1965, the Dutch primate participated at the Second Vatican Council, and sat on its Board of Presidency. During one session of the Council, Alfrink had Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani's microphone turned off after the latter exceeded his time limit.^[3]

Alfrink was one of the cardinal electors in the 1963 papal conclave, which selected Pope Paul VI. Along with Cardinal Giovanni Colombo, he assisted Cardinal Achille Liénart in delivering one of the closing messages of the Council on 8 December 1965.^[4]

He also served as President of the Episcopal Conference of the Netherlands. Resigning as Utrecht's archbishop on 6 December 1975, he later voted in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively.

He died in Nieuwegein at age 87, and after his funeral services in St. Catharine's Cathedral, was buried at St. Barbara's cemetery, next to his predecessor.

Views

Aggiornamento

Viewed as a liberal,^[5][6] he once said, "It is always a good thing for the Church to move forward. It is not good if the Church comes to a standstill."^[7]

Confession

While coadjutor, he announced that the Dominican chapel in Huissen, where a large amount of Catholics were going to confession instead of at the local parishes, would be closed to the public, resulting in the dismay and violent reaction of many.^[8]

Edward Schillebeeckx

Alfrink supported Fr. Edward Schillebeeckx, OP, and took his condemnation as an offence to the Dutch Church.^[9]

Humanae Vitae

During his tenure, Alfrink and his fellow Dutch clergymen attacked the argumentation used in Pope Paul's 1968 encyclical Humanae Vitae.^[10]

Royal conversion

He refused to respond to the Dutch Reformed Church's call for clarification in regards to Princess Irene's conversion to Catholicism.^[11]

Awards and Honors

In 1986 he received the Four Freedom Award for the Freedom of Worship^[12]

Trivia

His father's name was Theodorus, and the priest who baptized him was Johannes Verstege.

References

1. "Alfrink, Bernard Jan Cardinal". Who Was Who in America, 1993–1996, vol. 11. New Providence, N.J.: Marquis Who's Who. 1996. p. 4. ISBN 0837902258.
2. "Seven New Hats". Time.com. 14 March 1960.
3. "What Went Wrong With Vatican II". Ewtn.com.
4. "To Rulers". Christusrex.org.
5. "The Council's Prospects". Time.com. 14 September 1962.
6. "Council of Renewal". Time.com. 5 October 1962.
7. "The Radical, Revolutionary Church of The Netherlands". Time.com. 31 March 1967.
8. "The Dominicans' Door". Time.com. 21 January 1952.
9. "Theologian on Trial". Time.com. 4 October 1968.
10. "Declaration of Independence". Time.com. 17 January 1969.
11. "Love with the Proper Stranger". Time.com. 21 February 1964.
12. http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards

External links

• Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church