Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is a bilateral enlargement of the lymph nodes of pulmonary hila. It is a radiographic term that describes the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes and is most commonly identified by a chest x-ray.

CT scan of the chest showing bilateral lymphadenopathy in the mediastinum due to sarcoidosis.

Causes

The following are causes of BHL:^[1]

• Sarcoidosis^[2]
• Infection
  • Tuberculosis^[2]
  • Fungal infection^[2]
  • Mycoplasma
  • Intestinal Lipodystrophy (Whipple's disease)^[3][4]
• Malignancy
  • Lymphoma^[2]
  • Carcinoma
  • Mediastinal tumors
• Inorganic dust disease
  • Silicosis^[5][6][7]
  • Berylliosis^[7]
• Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
  • Such as bird fancier's lung
• Less common causes also exist:
  • Churg-Strauss syndrome
  • Human immunodeficiency virus
  • Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
  • Adult-onset Still's disease^[8]

References

1. ↑ M. Longmore, I. Wilkinson, T. Turmezei, CK. Cheug (2007). Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine 7th Edition. United States, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-19-856837-1.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Criado, E; Sánchez, M; Ramírez, J; Arguis, P; De Caralt, TM; Perea, RJ; Xaubet, A (October 2010). "Pulmonary sarcoidosis: typical and atypical manifestations at high-resolution CT with pathologic correlation". Radiographics 30 (6): 1567–1586. doi:10.1148/rg.306105512. PMID 21071376.
3. ↑ Urbanksi, G; Rivereau, P; Artru, L; Fenollar, F; Raoult, D; Puéchal, X (June 2012). "Whipple disease revealed by lung involvement: a case report and literature review". Chest 141 (6): 1595–1598. doi:10.1378/chest.11-1812. PMID 22670021.
4. ↑ Beers, Mark (2006). The Merck Manual.
5. ↑ Suwatanapongched, T; Gierada, DS (December 2006). "CT of thoracic lymph nodes. Part II: diseases and pitfalls". The British Journal of Radiology 79 (948): 999–1000. doi:10.1259/bjr/82484604. PMID 16641412.
6. ↑ Leung, CC; Yu, IT; Chen, W (May 2012). "Silicosis". The British Journal of Radiology 379 (9830): 2008–2018. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60235-9. PMID 22534002.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Chong, S; Lee, KS; Chung, MJ; Han, J; Kwon, OJ; Kim, TS (January–February 2006). "Pneumoconiosis: comparison of imaging and pathologic findings". Radiographics 26 (1): 59–77. doi:10.1148/rg.261055070. PMID 16418244.
8. ↑ Owlia, MB; Mehrpoor, G (May 2009). "Adult-onset Still's disease: a review". Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 63 (5): 207–221. doi:10.4103/0019-5359.53169. PMID 19584494.