Bishopric of Ratzeburg

Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg
Hochstift Ratzeburg also: Fürstbistum Ratzeburg
State of the Holy Roman Empire
← 1236–1648 →
Coat of arms
The Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg (left,      pale yellow), shown within Mecklenburg c. 1250
Capital		Ratzeburg
Languages		Low Saxon, German
Religion		Roman Catholic, Lutheran after 1554
Government		Elective monarchy, ruled by the bishop or administrator holding the episcopal see, elected by the chapter or, exceptionally, appointed by the Pope
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Diocese founded	c. 1050
•	Pagan Wends     destroyed bishopric   -Diocese refounded	July 15, 1066 1154 1236
•	Saxo-Bavarian Duke     Henry the Lion defeated     ensued by break-up of     the Duchy of Saxony	1180/1181
•	Acquired territory	1236
•	Lutheran Reformation	1554
•	Secularised to     Mecklenburg-Güstrow	1648
•	Became exclave of     Mecklenburg-Strelitz	1701

The Bishopric of Ratzeburg (German: Bistum Ratzeburg), centered on Ratzeburg in Northern Germany, was originally a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Hamburg, which transformed into the Archdiocese of Bremen in 1072.

History

Ratzeburg was one of the dioceses formed c. 1050 by Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg, who appointed St. Aristo, who had just returned from Jerusalem, to the new see. Aristo seems to have been but a wandering missionary bishop. In 1066, the pagan Wends rose against their German masters, and on 15 July 1066, St. Ansverus, Abbot of St. George's, Ratzeburg (not the later monastery bearing that name), and several of his monks are said to have been stoned to death. It was not until 1154, however, that Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, and Hartwich I, Archbishop of Hamburg, refounded the episcopal see of Ratzeburg, and Evermodus became its first bishop. A disciple of St Norbert and provost of the Monastery of Our Lady at Magdeburg, Evermodus was, like many of his successors, a Premonstratensian canon. In 1157, a chapter was attached to Ratzeburg cathedral by Pope Adrian IV.

Cathedral of Ratzeburg

In 1236 Bishop Peter was invested by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, with temporal jurisdiction over the land of Butin and a number of villages outside it (the Principality of Ratzeburg), making the see a prince-bishopric. The succeeding prince-bishops retained this jurisdiction in spite of the frequent attempts which the dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg made to deprive them of it.

The cathedral of Ratzeburg dates from the beginning of the 12th century. It was restored, and additions were made to it in the 15th century. The cathedral and pertaining premises such as the chapter and further episcopal manors formed the cathedral district immunity, an extraterritorial enclave of the Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg within the city of Ratzeburg, else belonging to Saxe-Lauenburg. The diocese also contained a number of other beautiful churches at Mölln, Wismar, Büchen and elsewhere.

Besides the cathedral chapter of Ratzeburg with its provost or dean and twelve canons, there were in the diocese the Benedictine Abbeys of St. George, Ratzeburg (refounded in 1093), and of Wismar, where Benedictines expelled from Lübeck founded a monastery in 1239; also convents of the same order at Eldena founded in 1229, by Bishop Gottschalk of Ratzeburg, and burnt in 1290, at Rehna founded in 1237 by Prince-Bishop Ludolfus, and at Zarrentin founded in 1243. There were also Franciscans (1251) and Dominicans (1293) at Wismar.

Ratzeburg Cathedral interior

In 1504, during the episcopate of Prince-Bishop Johann V von Parkentin, the Premonstratensian regular canons of Ratzeburg cathedral were, with papal consent, made secular canons.

Georg von Blumenthal, the last Catholic Prince-Bishop (1490-1550)

Prince-Bishop Georg von Blumenthal (1524–50), who feuded with Thomas Aderpul, was the last Roman Catholic bishop. In 1552, the cathedral was plundered by Count Volrad von Mansfeld. In 1554, the dean and chapter converted to Lutheranism. The cathedral is a proto-cathedral since and is owned by a Lutheran congregation within the North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church. Also most other churches in the former diocesan territory house Lutheran congregations today belonging to the North Elbian or the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Mecklenburg.

After 1554 the now Lutheran chapter elected Lutheran princes, lacking any canonical qualification, as administrators of the prince-bishopric. The capitulars deliberately ignored the ducal Saxe-Lauenburgian candidates, sons of the duke, fearing the prince-bishopric would then be incorporated into Saxe-Lauenburg. The prince-bishopric was then secularized by the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, becoming the Principality of Ratzeburg under the control of the Dukes of Mecklenburg. In 1701 the principality became an exclave of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the diocesan historical territory in the German Empire corresponded to the district of Duchy of Lauenburg (in Schleswig-Holstein), the bishop's own Principality of Ratzeburg in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the western part of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, including Wismar but not Schwerin. The whole of it was later included in the Diocese of Osnabrück and forms since January 7, 1995 part of the new Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg, with most of today's Catholic churches in the region built since the 19th century.

Bishops

• Aristo — c. 1051
• Evermode — 1154–1178
• vacancy — 1178–1180
• Isfried — 1180–1204
• Philipp — 1204–1215
• Heinrich I — 1215–1228
• Lambert von Barmstede — 1228
• Gottschalk — 1229–1235
• Petrus — 1236
• Ludolph I of Ratzeburg — 1236–1250
• Friedrich — 1250–1257
• Ulrich von Blücher — 1257–1284
• Konrad — 1284–1291
• Hermann von Blücher — 1291–1309
• Marquard von Jossow — 1309–1335
• Volrad von dem Dorne — 1335–1355
• Otto von Gronow — 1355–1356
• Wipert von Blücher — 1356–1367
• Heinrich II. von Wittorf — 1367–1388
• Gerhard Holtorp — 1388–1395
• Detlef von Berkentin — 1395–1419
• Johannes I. von Trempe — 1419–1431
• Pardam von dem Knesebeck — 1431–1440
• Johannes II. Prohl — 1440–1454
• Johann III. von Preen — 1454–1461
• Ludolf II. of Ratzeburg — 1461–1466
• Johannes IV. Stalkoper — 1466–1479
• Johannes V. von Berkentin — 1479–1511
• Heinrich III. Bergmeier — 1511–1524
• Georg von Blumenthal — 1524–1550
• Christopher I von der Schulenburg (Protestant) — 1550–1554

1554 Protestant Reformation

Administrators (1554–1648)

• 1554–1592: Christopher II of Mecklenburg
• 1592–1610: Charles of Mecklenburg
• 1610–1636: Augustus of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Celle line
• 1636–1648: Gustavus Adolphus of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

Sources

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.

External links

• Bishopric of Ratzeburg on the Catholic Encyclopedia
• Map of the Bishopric in 1789