Bittern (salt)

This article is about the solution. For other uses, see Bittern (disambiguation).

Bittern (pl. bitterns) is a bitter-tasting solution that remains after evaporation of halite (common salt) from brines and/or seawater. It is rich in magnesium chlorides, sulfates, bromides, iodides, and other chemicals present in the original waters.[1]

History

Bittern has been extracted for a long time, at least several centuries. The Dutch chemist Petrus Jacobus Kipp experimented with saturated solutions of bittern. The term for the solution is a modification of "bitter".[1]

Uses

Bittern is used in the culturing and flourishing of the Haloquadratum bacteria. It is also used in the extraction of epsom salts and other mineral salts.[1]

The solution can furthermore be used in the production of potash and potassium salts.[2]

Environmental impact

Bitterns, when as the product of salt production, appear to have no adverse effects on the environment. It comes from seawater and can safely be returned to the sea, although the bitterns are sometimes used in fertilizer instead.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Bittern - Chemistry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  2. ↑ "Production of pure potassium salts directly from sea bittern employing tartaric acid as a benign and recyclable K+ precipitant". RSC Advances (65). 12 August 2014. doi:10.1039/C4RA04360J. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  3. ↑ "The Salt Recovery Process" (PDF). nzic.org.nz. New Zealand Institute of Chemistry.


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