Biyar 'Adas
| Biyar 'Adas | |
|---|---|
|
"Shanti" house, ca 1948 | |
  Biyar 'Adas | |
| Arabic | بِيار عدس |
| Name meaning | "The well of lentils"[1] |
| Also spelled | Bir Adas |
| Subdistrict | Jaffa |
| Coordinates | 32°09′26.63″N 34°55′14.59″E / 32.1573972°N 34.9207194°ECoordinates: 32°09′26.63″N 34°55′14.59″E / 32.1573972°N 34.9207194°E |
| Palestine grid | 142/173 |
| Population | 300[2] (1945) |
| Area |
5,492[2] dunams 5.5 km² |
| Date of depopulation | April 12, 1948[3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Current localities | Adanim,[4] EliShama[4] |
Biyar 'Adas (Arabic: بِيار عدس) was a Palestinian Arab village located 19 km northeast of the city of Tel Aviv. In 1945 the village had a population of 300 and a total land area of 5,492 dunums.
History
In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Biyar 'Adas as a village built of adobe bricks, with a well to the east.[5]
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Biar Adas had a population of 87, all Muslims,[6] increasing in the 1931 census to 161, still all Muslim, in a total of 28 houses.[7]
In the early hours of May 29, 1939, 25 members of the Irgun led by Moshe Moldovsky attacked Biyar 'Adas.[8][9] They forced their way into two houses and shot dead one man and four women.[8] Two men and a girl were wounded.[8] A letter from Ze'ev Jabotinsky to the Irgun command ordered that the organization must avoid giving the impression that women were being deliberately targeted.[9]
By 1944/45 the village had a total of 1,604 dunums of land used for citrus and bananas, 3,413 dunums to cereals, 181 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards,[4][10] while 14 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[11]
1948, and aftermath
It was captured by the Lehi, an offshoot of Israel's forces, the Haganah on April 12, 1948.
Adanim was established on village land, southwest of the village site, in 1950. In 1951 EliShama was built on village land.[4]
Khalidi described the place in 1992:
The site is marked by cactuses, fig trees, palm trees, and the debris of houses. Some houses and sections of houses that were built among citrus groves still stand, deserted, amidst wild vegetation. All are made of concrete and possess a variety of architectural designs, ranging from the elaborate to the simple. Their roofs are flat, slanted, or gabled, and their doors and windows are rectangular. The land in the vicinity is cultivated and is covered in places by Israeli fruit orchards.[4]
See also
- List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
- List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict
Footnotes
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 214
- 1 2 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 52
- ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xviii, village #194. Also gives cause of depopulation.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Khalidi, 1992, p.239
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 251. Cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 238.
- ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jaffa, p. 20
- ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 13
- 1 2 3 "5 Arabs dead in Outrage". Palestine Post. May 30, 1939. p. 1.
- 1 2 Ehud Ein-Gil (January 13, 2009). "'Punish those responsible'". Haaretz.
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 95
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 145
Bibliography
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Biyar 'Adas. |
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 (PDF). Government of Palestine.
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E, ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas (PDF). Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links
- Palestine Remembered - Biya -'Adas
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: Wikimedia commons
- Biyar 'Adas from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
