Black-and-tan faction

The black-and-tan faction was a faction in the History of the United States Republican Party in the South from the 1870s to the 1960s. See also Negro Republican Party.

Southern Republicans were divided into two factions: the lily-white faction, which was practically all-white, and the biracial black-and-tan faction. The latter was strongest in heavily white counties.^[1] The final victory of its opponent the lily-white faction came in 1964.^[2]

History

The black-and-tan faction was biracial. It sought to include most African-American voters within the party. They often took a prominent part in the national conventions of the Republican party. One reason for the continuance of the black-and-tan faction was its effect in holding the African-American Republican vote in northern states. The black-and-tans predominated in counties with a large black population, the whites in these counties being usually Democrats. The lily-whites were mostly found in the counties where fewer blacks lived.

The factionalism flared up in 1928^[3] and 1952.^[4] The surviving Black-and-tan factions lost heavily in 1964 and practically disappeared.^[5]

See also

• African-American Civil Rights Movement (1865–95)
• History of the United States Republican Party

References

1. "Black and Tan Republicans" in Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin and Albert Bushnell Hart, eds. Cyclopedia of American Government (1914) . p. 133. online
2. Joseph Crespino (2007). In Search of Another Country: Mississippi and the Conservative Counterrevolution. Princeton UP. pp. 84–85.
3. Lisio, Donald J. (2012). Hoover, Blacks, and Lily-Whites: A Study of Southern Strategies. U North Carolina Press. p. 37ff.
4. Marty Cohen; et al. (2009). The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform. p. 118.
5. Robert David Johnson (2009). All the Way with LBJ: The 1964 Presidential Election. p. 84.

Further reading

• De Santis, Vincent P. "The Republican Party and the Southern Negro, 1877-1897." Journal of Negro History 45#2 (1960): 71-87. in JSTOR
• De Santis, Vincent P. Republicans face the southern question: The new departure years, 1877-1897 (Johns Hopkins Press, 1959).
• Hume, Richard L. and Jerry B. Gough. Blacks, Carpetbaggers, and Scalawags: The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction (LSU Press, 2008); statistical classification of delegates.
• Jenkins, Jeffery A., and Boris Heersink. "Republican Party Politics and the American South: From Reconstruction to Redemption, 1865-1880." (2016 paper t the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association); online.
• Lisio, Donald J. Hoover, Blacks, and Lily-Whites: A Study of Southern Strategies (UNC Press Books, 2012). online
• Walton, Hanes. Black Republicans: The politics of the black and tans (Scarecrow Press, 1975).
• Walton, Hanes, Sherman C. Puckett, and Donald R. Deskins. The African American electorate: A statistical history (CQ Press, 2012).