BlackBerry 10

BlackBerry 10

BlackBerry Hub being viewed on a BlackBerry Z10
Developer	BlackBerry Limited
Written in	C, C++, Qt
OS family	Unix-like, QNX
Working state	Current
Source model	Closed source
Initial release	January 30, 2013[1]
Latest release	10.3.2.2876 / January 12, 2016
Available in	Multilingual
Update method	Carrier dependent
Platforms	ARM
Kernel type	Real-time microkernel
Default user interface	Graphical
License	Proprietary
Preceded by	BlackBerry OS, BlackBerry Tablet OS
Official website	blackberry.com/blackberry-10.html

BlackBerry 10 is a proprietary mobile operating system for the BlackBerry line of smartphones, both developed by BlackBerry Limited (formerly Research In Motion). BlackBerry 10 is based on QNX, a Unix-like operating system that was originally developed by QNX Software Systems until the company was acquired by BlackBerry in April 2010.^[2] As a result of the acquisition, BlackBerry released BlackBerry Tablet OS for the BlackBerry PlayBook, large parts of which were subsumed by BlackBerry 10.

It supports the application framework Qt (version 4.8) and features an Android runtime to run Android applications. Prior to version 10.3.1, BlackBerry 10 also supported the Adobe AIR runtime.^[3] The user interface uses a combination of gestures and touch-based interactions for navigation and control, making it possible to control a device without having to press any physical buttons, with the exception of the power button that switches the device on or off. It also supports hardware keyboards, including ones which support touch input.

On October 26, 2015, BlackBerry announced that there are no plans to release new APIs and software development kits (SDKs) or adopt Qt version 5. Future updates, like versions 10.3.3 and 10.3.4 which are scheduled to be released in 2016, would focus on security and privacy enhancements only.^[4][5]

History

The operating system was originally called BBX, but this was changed when BlackBerry was blocked from using the BBX trademark after legal action from BASIS International, who already used it for their software.^[6]

On November 12, 2012, CEO Thorsten Heins announced a January 30, 2013, launch of the BlackBerry 10 operating system version 10.0 and the first smartphones running it.^[7] The operating system, as well as two devices, the Z10 (a full touchscreen device), and the Q10 (a device equipped with a physical keyboard), were announced simultaneously around the world on January 30, 2013.^[8] The company also announced that the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet would receive an update to BlackBerry 10 later in 2013.^[9] Subsequently BlackBerry stated when releasing their Q1 2014 financial results that the BlackBerry PlayBook would not be receiving an update to BlackBerry 10, citing that the hardware would not provide a good experience of BlackBerry 10 and are focusing on future devices. BlackBerry has continued to support and develop the PlayBook with its separate Tablet OS.

On 14 May 2013 BlackBerry OS 10.1 was launched. This brought improvements to many features requested by users.

On 13 September 2013, in Asia, BlackBerry announced the launch of BlackBerry OS 10.2 and a new BlackBerry 10 device, the Z30, providing performance increases over the previous BlackBerry 10 devices.

On June 18, 2014, BlackBerry announced an official relationship with Amazon.com, which resulted in the 10.3 update bundling the Amazon Appstore.

In April, 2016 BlackBerry announced that they will no longer release new BlackBerry 10 devices to solely focus on Google Android devices.^[10]

Features

Controls

The touchscreen is the predominant input method of BlackBerry 10, in addition to hardware keyboard for devices that have one. Users can use gestures and keyboard shortcuts to navigate around the system. For instance, a user can unlock the device or return to the home screen by swiping from the bottom to the top. Some gestures offer additional modes of interaction when they are used differently. For instance, the same gesture can be used to show unread notifications when the user swipes from the bottom to the top only slightly and keeps the finger on the touchscreen. Similarly, when the finger is moved from the bottom to the right in a curved motion, the user can enter BlackBerry Hub immediately.^[11] Devices with a hardware keyboard can use keyboard shortcuts to reach applications or perform specific functions more quickly.

Multitasking

When a user returns to the home screen from within an application, the application is minimized into a so-called "Active Frame". An Active Frame is a miniaturized window of the application which keeps running in the background. A user can return to such an application by tapping on the Active Frame or close it by tapping on the X icon. Active Frames can have widget-like functionality and show small bits of information, similar to widgets on Android. For instance, the calendar application can show upcoming events and meetings. BlackBerry 10 limits the number of active applications and it varies per device.

BlackBerry Hub

BlackBerry 10 collates emails, SMS/MMS, calls and notifications into the BlackBerry Hub. It shows all messages and notifications in a continuous list, sorted by date. The user can filter results by application or, in the case of email, also by inbox. The user can create, view or act upon messages or notifications directly from the Hub. For instance, when the user opens a Facebook message, the Hub will open a small part of the Facebook application and allow the user to perform the same actions as the Facebook application itself. Applications need to support the Hub specifically to use most of these features, which is only possible for applications written with the native SDK. Notifications from unsupported applications are collated in the generic notifications tab.

Miscellaneous

Other notable features of BlackBerry 10 include:

• A virtual keyboard with support for predictive typing and several gestures.^[12][13]
• Voice control and BlackBerry Assistant (10.3.1 and later), an intelligent personal assistant, with which the user can perform various tasks by voice input or typed queries.

• BlackBerry Balance, with which the user can separate personal from work data, if enabled by the device's enterprise server. The user can switch between two workspaces, each with their own applications, files and accounts.
• BlackBerry Link, with which the user can synchronize data between the device and a computer, update the device or make backups. It supports iTunes and Windows Media Player.

Applications

Preloaded

BlackBerry 10 has a number of applications that help users perform various tasks and activities. These include a web browser, Documents to Go (for Microsoft PowerPoint, Word and Excel files), Story Maker (video and music stitching app), as well applications for notes, reminders, calculator, clock, music, media, weather and file management. Cloud services like Box and Dropbox are also integrated by default. In addition, BlackBerry's messaging service BlackBerry Messenger is included, which supports video chat, VoIP and screen sharing.

Third-party applications

BlackBerry 10 can run applications that were written with its native SDK, Android applications compiled for API levels 10–18^[14] (support varies per version) and applications written for Adobe AIR (only supported until version 10.3.1). BlackBerry 10 provides the distribution platform BlackBerry World as well as the Amazon Appstore (on version 10.3.0 and later).^[15] Since version 10.2.1, Android application packages can be installed directly, whereas on previous versions Android applications could only be installed through BlackBerry World or by sideloading, which required packaging such applications into a native package format (BAR).^[16]

At release in January 2013, BlackBerry 10 had 70,000 third-party applications.^[16] At the 2013 BlackBerry Live conference, BlackBerry announced that they had more than 120,000 applications.^[17]

Some developers have offered applications to access the Google Play Store, although this is not sanctioned by BlackBerry or Google. Applications which depend on the Google Play Services framework may not run. Similarly, Android applications which require a newer API level than 18 cannot run on BlackBerry 10.^[14]

Devices

BlackBerry 10 supports the following BlackBerry smartphones, all of which can run the latest version.

Device	Characteristics	Release date	Minimum OS
Z10	Touchscreen	January 2013	10.0
Q10	Touchscreen and hardware keyboard
Q5		May 2013	10.1
Z30	Touchscreen	October 2013	10.2
P'9982		December 2013
Z3		February 2014	10.2.1
P'9983	Touchscreen and hardware keyboard	September 2014	10.3.0
Passport		October 2014
Classic	Touchscreen, hardware keyboard and dedicated buttons	December 2014	10.3.1
Leap	Touchscreen	April 2015

Developer activities

Engagement strategy

Building up to the launch, the company made substantial changes to how it had previously engaged developers, being substantially more active at courting developers, solving issues and being transparent about development updates. The company sent two teams to engage developers. The first, focused on acquiring premier applications from third parties. The second team focused on engaging the broader development community and building the platforms application count.^[18]

Prototype smartphones

In May 2012, the company released a prototype touch screen smartphone to BlackBerry developers as part of the BlackBerry 10 Jam Conference in Orlando, Florida. The Dev Alpha A' device, which resembled a small BlackBerry PlayBook, ran an early version of the operating system and was provided as a means for developers to develop and test their applications on a physical device.^[19]

In September 2012, a second developer prototype was released in September 2012, known as the Dev Alpha B. It includes a faster processor and a number of internal improvements.^[20]

A third developer device, the Dev Alpha C,^[21] was announced on November 29, 2012, and is the first developer prototype to demonstrate the physical keyboard capabilities of BlackBerry 10. Acquisition of a Dev Alpha C device is based around a point system, meaning that developers who have previously developed apps for BlackBerry, or have had the Dev Alpha A/B devices, will have a higher chance of receiving a device than a new BlackBerry developer. It was released at the BlackBerry Jam Europe 2013 event in February 2013.

Portathons

Pre-launch “Portathons” held by BlackBerry have received up to 19,000 applications submitted per weekend.^[22]

Reception

Reviews of BlackBerry 10 have been generally positive. David Pogue of the New York Times noted that the software was, “simple to master, elegantly designed and surprisingly complete. It offers features nobody else offers, some tailored to the corporate world that raised BlackBerry aloft in its glory days.”^[23] Walt Mossberg of the Wall Street Journal referred to the operating system as “logical and generally easy to use”. Mossberg praised the virtual keyboard, camera software, and messaging hub; but criticized its application ecosystem, cloud capabilities and the immaturity of some features. Gizmodo's Kyle Wagner states that BlackBerry 10's home screen "gives BB10 the single best implementation of multitasking of any mobile OS right now". Wagner goes on to say that the Hub "works out to function a bit more like a junk drawer". He also reports what he refers to as the "Tragic Flaw": "Unlike every other major OS right now, BlackBerry does not feel fully integrated.".^[24] Wagner's review was based on the BB 10.0 and it should be noted that since the initial reviews of BB10 the OS has been updated several times and for many the issues have been addressed.^[25][26]

In comparison to that, at launch, CrackBerry.com views the new features more positively and takes into account the fact that the OS is brand new. It says that the BlackBerry Hub “is a polished solution to efficiently managing the influx of messages we have coming at us...".^[27] It goes on to mention minor discrepancies and finally pointing out that many of the problems are getting fixed in future updates (some now released, e.g. battery life improvements, call ringtone disabled in bedside mode^[28]).^[27][29] It criticizes the limited customization options compared to BlackBerry OS (Alert tone volumes, alert light colour). Regarding the apps in BlackBerry World "really impressed by the quality of apps BlackBerry World has to offer", it notes that the application ecosystem is not as large as Android and iOS because of its age (brand new) and finishes with "doubtlessly many more will come around once they see the Z10 getting traction in the wild." Its general summary of BlackBerry 10 (with thought for its predecessor) "is that BlackBerry 10 really is the best of the old and the best of the new assembled seamlessly into an elegant, practical, and integrated package."

As of Q2 2013, the new BlackBerry 10 platform had almost the same number of developers using the platform as the legacy BlackBerry 5/6/7 had just before the release of BlackBerry 10.^[30] Within a few months from its launch, the BlackBerry 10 platform was used by approximately 15% of mobile developers.

BlackBerry 10 added a compatibility layer for Android software, which allowed developers to repackage their Android apps for distribution on BlackBerry World, however this advertised feature has received a poor reception as the Android apps "performed abysmally on the phone. Sluggish, ugly, and disconnected from the core OS. In fact, because these apps are being run in a software emulation of Android — Gingerbread no less (that's version 2.3) — they bear little to no relationship to the rest of the operating system".^[31] Later versions added the ability for users to manually install Android app packages. Beginning with the BlackBerry Passport, Amazon Appstore was bundled with BlackBerry 10 to provide an additional source of third-party Android software.^[16][32][15] BlackBerry CEO John S. Chen hoped that Amazon's own smartphone, the Fire Phone, would bolster the adoption of the Amazon store and attract more major developers to it, and in turn, BlackBerry's ecosystem. However, the Fire Phone was a commercial failure, which led to BlackBerry's decision to develop an Android phone of its own, resulting in the BlackBerry Priv.^[33]

Version history

Obsolete

Current

Beta

Future release

BlackBerry 10.0

Table of versions: BlackBerry OS 10.0
Version	Release date	Features / Improvements
10.0.9.348[34]	(BlackBerry 10 release version)	See BlackBerry 10 for features.
10.0.10.672[35]	March 1, 2013	3rd party app performance Fixes for Gmail calendars Improved - BlackBerry Hub - Call logs and how conversations are handled Improved - Camera - In low light conditions Improved - Browser - How it handles video playback Improved - Battery life - Over 60 power saving improvements made
Version	Release date	Features / Improvements

BlackBerry 10.1

Table of versions: BlackBerry OS 10.1
Version	Release date	Features / Improvements
10.1.0.1720[36]	May 14, 2013	PIN to PIN messaging Improved attachment support Custom notifications HDR Camera Fine cursor control Remote file access to computers Allows password paste into system fields[37]
10.1.0.2006[38] 10.1.0.2014[39] 10.1.0.2019[40]	June 10, 2013 / June 18, 2013 / July 9, 2013	Fix for random software reboots
10.1.0.4181[41]	July 29, 2013	IMAP and ActiveSync email now have "Forever" as a sync option New gesture in Hub to navigate between messages Escalate a text to a call Simple password Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn updates
Version	Release date	Features / Improvements

BlackBerry 10.2

Table of versions: BlackBerry OS 10.2
Version	Release date	Features / Improvements
10.2.0.1791	Has been released on the BlackBerry Z30, Z10, Q10, Q5.[42]	Headless Apps. USB Host Capability. WiFi Direct and Miracast (Q10/Z30). Flurry Analytics. Smart cards. Altimeter. Geofencing. Bluetooth 4.0 low energy interface for cars, heart rate monitors, etc. Camera enhancements e.g. focus lock and faster picture sharing. Smart Tag triggers, enhanced list of triggers. Lock screen notifications, for all types of notification. Browser enhancements; improved reader mode and faster access to history. Will also run apps from Android (4.2.2) Jelly Bean. Multiple Alarms are settable in the clock app. Priority Hub, learns to summarise which messages are important to you. Instant Preview & Reply, works whatever app you are in. (Toast notifications). Free Task Manager/Device monitor app. Easy "I will be late" meeting notifier. Custom Easy SMS/BBM reply for ignored phone calls. Support for web iCal calendars. Improved text selection, word processing & editing in and between apps. Keyboard sounds improved to differentiate "Shift", "Symbols" & "Backspace". Free Evernote app. Adaptive sharing feature, for quicker sharing of anything. Enhanced audio experience, and audio codecs. Android HW acceleration. Attachment View, for finding things easily without opening mailboxes. Dark/light theme toggle.
10.2.1.1925[43] 10.2.1.2102[44] 10.2.1.2179[45] 10.2.1.2156[46] 10.2.1.2674[47]	Has been released on the BlackBerry Z30, Z10, Q10, Q5, Porsche Design P’9982[48]	Customize Pinch Gesture to Filter BlackBerry Hub Simplified Phone Experience SMS and Email Groups Actionable Lock Screen Notifications Picture Password for Quick Unlocking Customizable Quick Settings Menu Offline Browser Reading Mode Preferred Contact Sync Torch Added Device and Battery Monitor FM Radio (not available for Z10) Automatic Software Updates Enterprise Features Additionally, the Android runtime has been improved:[49] Native code app and drivers support Bluetooth API embedded MapView v1 API Share Framework Spellcheck Wi-Fi Scanning Able to install Android packages (*.APK files) directly
10.2.1.2941[50] 10.2.1.2977[51] 10.2.1.3289[52]	Has been released on the BlackBerry Z30, Z10, Q10, Q5, Porsche Design P’9982[48]	Unlimited number of apps now allowed to run in background. Enhancements to Bluetooth stack. 128GB exFAT-formatted removable microSDXC memory card support Added IMS Services option in network settings menu for LTE Networks
10.2.2.1531[53] 10.2.2.1609[54]	Has been released regionally on the BlackBerry Z30, Z10, Q10, Q5, Porsche Design P’9982[55]	Security enhancements for some Enterprise customers with specific requirements
Version	Release date	Features / Improvements

BlackBerry 10.3

Table of versions: BlackBerry OS 10.3
Version	Release date	Features / Improvements
10.3.0.1052[56] /10.3.0.1154[57] /10.3.0.1418[58]	Has been preinstalled on the BlackBerry Passport and Porsche Design P’9983/Has been released on the BlackBerry Passport	Flat Design UI Permanent Homescreen (detachable) Android 4.3 runtime with multicore support (however Android apps are limited to two cores even on quad-core devices like the Blackberry Passport)[59] Advanced Interactions Support for BlackBerry Blend BlackBerry Assistant Amazon Appstore preloaded
10.3.1.1154[60] /10.3.1.2072[61] /10.3.1.2243[62] /10.3.1.2558[63] /10.3.1.2576[64] /10.3.1.2708[65]	Has been preinstalled on the BlackBerry Classic/Has been released on the BlackBerry Classic/Has been released on all existing BlackBerry 10 Smartphones	Customizable notification profiles Integrated LED color manager Battery Saving Mode Option to hide pictures and videos Customizable keyboard shortcuts Android runtime screen scaling 10.3.1.2576 fixes the screen flickering problem that appeared on the Blackberry Passport
10.3.2.680[66] /10.3.2.858 /10.3.2.2339[67] /10.3.2.2639 /10.3.2.2876[68]	Has been released on various BlackBerry 10 smartphones by various carriers in Northern America/Has been released on all existing BlackBerry 10 smartphones by various carriers in the rest of the world	Anti-theft protection in BlackBerry Protect Camera enhancements Calendar enhancements Amazon Store app preinstalled PGP and S/MIME no longer require BES 10.3.2.2876 removes BBM Meetings
Version	Release date	Features / Improvements

See also

• Comparison of mobile operating systems
• Mobile computing

References

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2. "Research In Motion to Acquire QNX Software Unit from Harman International". BlackBerry Limited. April 9, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
3. "End of Support Notice". BlackBerry Developer. April 15, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
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5. Chen, John (January 8, 2016). "Showing Our Commitment to BlackBerry 10 at CES 2016". Inside BlackBerry. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
6. Lawler, Richard. "RIM loses BBX trademark battle, next OS is named BlackBerry 10". Engadget. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
7. BlackBerry. "BlackBerry 10 handsets confirmed for January 30 launch". Telegraph. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
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9. "BlackBerry PlayBook tablet will get BlackBerry 10 update". Ars Technica. 30 January 2013.
10. Beall, Abigail (15 April 2016). "Bye Bye BlackBerry 10: Company announces plans to pull the plug on its own operating system to concentrate on Android devices.". Daily Mail.
11. Ion, Florence (2013-02-06). "Review: BlackBerry 10 is better, much better, late than never".
12. McCann, John (30 January 2013). "BlackBerry Hub, BBM and keyboard". TechRadar. p. 2. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
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14. "App features". BlackBerry Developer. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
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26. "Mixmag - BLACKBERRY Z30". mixmag.net.
27. BlackBerry Z10 Review | CrackBerry.com
28. Sweet Dreams! Bedside Mode now allowing you to sleep well and not miss calls thanks to latest BlackBerry 10 update | CrackBerry.com
29. BlackBerry 10 Review | CrackBerry.com
30. Developer Economics Q3 2013 analyst report - http://www.visionmobile.com/DevEcon3Q13 - Retrieved July 2013
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37. Denninger, Karl (May 3, 2013). "Sneak Peek: BlackBerry 10.1 OS". The Market Ticker. Retrieved June 16, 2013. First, password paste into system fields has been fixed. If you have a password "safe" reload that first and then the rest becomes easy, since you can now paste in your seutp information for Facebook, Twitter and such.
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39. "Select your region - Telus.com". telus.com.
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43. Official announcement: BlackBerry 10.2.1 is here - Lets you do more, more easily
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46. "BlackBerry OS 10.2.1.2228 Now Available for All (Thx T-Mobile!)". BerryReview.
47. Sprint finally rolls out BlackBerry 10.2.1
48. "BlackBerry issues important software update: BlackBerry 10.2.1 - Inside BlackBerry".
49. "The BlackBerry Runtime for Android Apps Just Got a Whole Lot Sweeter".
50. "BlackBerry 10 receives a minor software update in preparation for 10.3.1 later this year". mobilesyrup.com.
51. BlackBerry OS 10.2.1.3247 now rolling out officially
52. Lucas Atkins. "BlackBerry Z30 OS 10.2.1.3289 Now Available from Verizon". N4BB.
53. BlackBerry OS 10.2.2.1531 now rolling out regionally | CrackBerry.com
54. BlackBerry OS 10.2.2.1609 available
55. "BlackBerry OS 10.2.2.1531 now rolling out regionally". CrackBerry.com.
56. BlackBerry Passport Review | CrackBerry.com:
57. Bilaal Saghir. "Official OS 10.3.0.1154 for the BlackBerry Passport is now available via Indosat". BlackBerry Empire.
58. "Rogers rolling out OS 10.3.0.1418 for the BlackBerry Passport". CrackBerry.com.
59. "Android runtime supports only 2 cores!". Crackberry.com.
60. Gabriella Massara. "The BlackBerry Classic will have OS 10.3.1.1154". MondoBlackberry.com.
61. JT Teran. "BlackBerry OS 10.3.1.2072 Rolling out for Rogers' Classic - N4BB". N4BB.
62. Lucas Atkins. "BlackBerry OS 10.3.1 Officially Launched!". N4BB.
63. ["BlackBerry OS 10.3.1.2558 update files now available for download". CrackBerry.com.
64. Lucas Atkins. "BlackBerry OS 10.3.1.2576 Live Links". N4BB.
65. "BlackBerry OS 10.3.1.2708 now available through several Canadian carriers". CrackBerry.com.
66. "10.3.2.440 being pushed to devices".
67. "Several Canadian carriers have now officially released BlackBerry OS 10.3.2".
68. "BlackBerry officially rolls out OS 10.3.2.2876 globally". CrackBerry.com.

External links

• Official website