Morus nigra
| Morus nigra | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Plate from book: Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland (1885) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Moraceae |
| Tribe: | Moreae |
| Genus: | Morus |
| Species: | M. nigra |
| Binomial name | |
| Morus nigra L. | |
| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 180 kJ (43 kcal) |
|
9.8 g | |
| Sugars | 8.1 |
| Dietary fiber | 1.7 g |
|
0.39 g | |
|
1.44 g | |
| Vitamins | |
| Thiamine (B1) |
(3%) 0.029 mg |
| Riboflavin (B2) |
(8%) 0.101 mg |
| Niacin (B3) |
(4%) 0.62 mg |
| Vitamin B6 |
(4%) 0.05 mg |
| Folate (B9) |
(2%) 6 μg |
| Choline |
(3%) 12.3 mg |
| Vitamin C |
(44%) 36.4 mg |
| Minerals | |
| Calcium |
(4%) 39 mg |
| Iron |
(14%) 1.85 mg |
| Magnesium |
(5%) 18 mg |
| Phosphorus |
(5%) 38 mg |
| Potassium |
(4%) 194 mg |
| Sodium |
(1%) 10 mg |
| Zinc |
(1%) 0.12 mg |
|
| |
| |
|
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database | |
Morus nigra, called black mulberry[1] or blackberry,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae, native to southwestern Asia, where it has been cultivated for so long that its precise natural range is unknown.[3] It is known for its large number of chromosomes, as it has 154 pairs (308 individuals). Other mulberry species are sometimes confused with black mulberry, particularly black-fruited individuals of the white mulberry, but black mulberry can be distinguished by the uniformly hairy lower leaf surface.[4]
Description
Morus nigra is a deciduous tree growing to 12 m (39 ft) tall by 15 m (49 ft) broad. The leaves are 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long by 6–10 cm (2–4 in) broad - up to 23 cm (9 in) long on vigorous shoots, downy on the underside, the upper surface rough with very short, stiff hairs.
The edible fruit is dark purple, almost black, when ripe, 2–3 centimetres (0.8–1.2 in) long, a compound cluster of several small drupes; it is richly flavoured, similar to the red mulberry (Morus rubra) but unlike the more insipid fruit of the white mulberry (Morus alba).
Cultivation and uses
Black mulberry has long been cultivated for its edible fruit and is planted and often naturalised west across much of Europe, including Ukraine, and east into China.
Black (Morus nigra) mulberries are thought to have originated in the mountainous areas of Mesopotamia and Persia and are now widespread throughout Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, India, Pakistan, Syria, and Turkey, where the tree and the fruit are known by the Persian-derived names toot (mulberry) of shahtoot (شاه توت) (king's or "superior" mulberry), or, in Arabic, shajarat tukki. Jams and sherbets are often made from the fruit in this region.
The black mulberry was imported into Britain in the 17th century in the hope that it would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms (Bombyx mori). It was unsuccessful because silkworms prefer the white mulberry but has left a legacy of large and old trees in many country house gardens. Care is needed to prevent the crushed berries from staining carpets in the houses nearby.
Gallery
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Leaf of Morus nigra
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Foliage and immature fruit of Morus nigra
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Female flowers of Morus nigra
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Unripe shahtoot (Iran)
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Full-grown shahtoot
References
- ↑ "USDA GRIN Taxonomy".
- ↑ "Definition And Classification Of Commodities (Draft) 8. Fruits And Derived Products". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
- ↑ Nelson, G.; Earle, C.J.; Spellenberg, R.; More, D.; Hughes, A.K. (2014). Trees of Eastern North America. Princeton University Press. p. 408. ISBN 9781400852994.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Black Mulberry. |
- Flora of China: Morus nigra
Data related to Morus nigra at Wikispecies