Blanche of Bourbon

Blanche of Bourbon
Queen consort of Castile and León
Tenure	1353–1361
Born	1339
Died	1361 Medina Sidonia
Spouse	Peter of Castile
House	House of Bourbon
Father	Peter I, Duke of Bourbon
Mother	Isabella of Valois
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Blanche of Bourbon (1339–1361) was Queen of Castile as the wife of King Peter. She was one of the daughters of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon and Isabella of Valois.

Marriage

Coat of arms of Blanche of Bourbon as Queen Consort of Castile.

On 3 June 1353, aged 14, she married in person at Valladolid, Spain, King Peter of Castile. Previously, she had been married by proxy at Abbaye de Preuilly on 9 July 1352. They married because Peter wanted an alliance with France. It is believed that King Peter had married his lover, the Castilian noble Maria de Padilla before his marriage to Blanche, though he did deny this. There were many difficulties in getting the money promised as a dowry for Blanche.

Three days after their marriage, Peter abandoned Blanche for Maria de Padilla, with whom he later had four children.

Eventually Blanche was imprisoned in the castle of Arevalo. Blanche's cousin, John II of France, appealed to Pope Innocent VI to have Peter excommunicated for keeping Blanche imprisoned, but the Pope refused. Blanche and Peter had no children.

Death

In 1361, Blanche was transferred to the town of Medina Sidonia, where she was kept distant from possible rescue by the forces from Aragon and France battling King Peter. The pope advocated for her release.

In 1361, after Peter had made peace with the King of Aragon, he returned to Seville and hoped to eliminate the last bastions of resistance to his rule. According to Pero López de Ayala, he then instructed Iñigo Ortiz de Estuñiga, who was charged with keeping his wife imprisoned in Medina Sidonia, to kill her. Ayala, who had later joined with winning faction led by Henry II, states that to Peter's anger, Estuñiga declined because the act was treasonous and likely to cause further disorder in the country. The King demanded that she be handed over to Juan Pérez de Rebolledo of Jeréz, a crossbowman of the king, who carried out the execution.^[1] However, partisans over the years were to write divergent stories about these events, depending on whether you looked upon him as "the cruel" (el Cruel) or "the purveyor of justice" (el Justiciero).^[2] During the 19th century, while Spain was ruled by the Bourbon monarchy, her tomb was provided with the following inscription in Latin:

CHRISTO OPTIMO MAXIMO SACRUM. DIVA BLANCA HISPANIARUM REGINA, PATRE BORBONEO , EX INCLITA FRANCORUM REGUM PROSAPIA, MORIBUS ET CORPORE VENUSTISSIMA FUIT; SED PRAEVALENTE PELLICE OCCUBVIT IUSSU PETRI MARITI CRUDELIS ANNO SALUTIS MCCCLXI. AETATIS VERO SUAE XXV

Christ most supreme and Holy. Blessed Blanche, Queen of Spain, of Bourbon Father, and from renowned royal French lineage, died with a graceful body; Common knowledge judges her fallen by her husband Peter the Cruel in the year 1361 at the age of 25.

However, whether Peter did have her assassinated is a controversial claim. Zuñiga who amended Ayala's chronicles notes that partisans of the king called it a natural death. Others question such events, since she did not die in Jeréz, but in Medina Sidonia as per contemporary accounts. Also different versions of Ayala's chronicles make a different statement that she was poisoned by herbs (le fuero dadas yerbas) This latter statement also repeated by Juan de Mariana in his history^[3]

It is not surprising that the history of Peter was rewritten in later years. Male descendants of King Henry II, the bastard half-brother of King Peter, and his slayer, would end up marrying female descendants of Peter. Henry III, who was grandson of Henry II, would marry Catherine of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster, and Constance of Castile, daughter of Peter. Thus subsequent descendants of the joined lines would try to ameliorate the iniquity of Peter chronicled by the faction of Henry II. Bourbon rulers had a stake in sanctifying the image of Blanche, a distant member of their ancestral lineage.^[4]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Blanche of Bourbon

16. Louis IX of France               8. Robert, Count of Clermont                       17. Marguerite of Provence               4. Louis I, Duke of Bourbon                             18. John of Burgundy               9. Beatrix of Bourbon                       19. Agnes of Dampierre               2. Peter I, Duke of Bourbon                                   20. John I of Avesnes               10. John II, Count of Holland                       21. Adelaide of Holland               5. Mary of Avesnes                             22. Henry V of Luxembourg               11. Philippa of Luxembourg                       23. Marguerite of Bar               1. Blanche of Bourbon                                         24. Louis IX of France (= 16)               12. Philip III of France                       25. Marguerite of Provence (= 17)               6. Charles of Valois                             26. James I of Aragon               13. Isabella of Aragon                       27. Violant of Hungary               3. Isabella of Valois                                   28. Guy III, Count of Saint-Pol               14. Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol                       29. Matilda of Brabant               7. Mahaut of Châtillon                             30. John II, Duke of Brittany               15. Marie of Brittany                       31. Beatrice of England

References

1. • Ayala, Pedro López de (1779). Edition 1526, amended by Geronimo Zurita (1577), with corrections by Don Eugenio de Llaguno Amirola., ed. Cronicas de los Reyes de Castilla, Tomo I. Don Pedro.. Imprenta de Don Antonio de Sancha. pp. 328–329.
2. • A review of prior histiorography is found in this monograph: Datos históricos relativos á la inscripcion que en el año de 1859, se colocó en una Torre de Medina Sidonia, donde estuvo presa y murió la Reina Doña Blanca de Borbon, esposa de Don Pedro de Castilla.. Imprenta de la Revista Medica de Cadiz. 1859.
3. Quoted in Pozo, Josef Ledo del (1780). Apologia del rey Don Pedro de Castilla, conforme a la cronica verdadera de Don Pedro Lopez de Ayala. Imprenta de Hernandez, Madrid. pp. 355–356.
4. Espasa-Calpe SA, ed. (1920). Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana. Tomo 42. Rios Rosas. numero 26, Madrid. pp. 1332–1333.

• Hale, Edward Everett, and Susan Hale. The Story of Spain. Story of the nations. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1886. googlebooks.com Accessed November 16, 2007
• Jones, William H. Blanche de Bourbon, and other poems. London: Hookham and Sons, 1855. googlebooks.com Accessed November 16, 2007