Blanche of Namur

Blanche of Namur
Queen consort of Sweden
Tenure	1335–1363
Coronation	22 July 1336
Queen consort of Norway
Tenure	1335–1343
Born	1320
Died	1363
Spouse	Magnus IV of Sweden
Issue	Haakon VI of Norway Eric XII of Sweden
House	House of Dampierre
Father	John I, Marquis of Namur
Mother	Marie of Artois

Blanche of Namur, Swedish and Norwegian: Blanka (1320–1363) was queen-consort of Sweden and Norway, as the spouse of King Magnus Eriksson.

Family

Blanche was the eldest daughter of John I, Marquis of Namur and Marie of Artois. On her father's side, she was a member of the powerful House of Dampierre, being a grandchild of Count Guy of Flanders. On her mother's side Blanche was related to the French royal house, as her mother was a daughter of Philip of Artois, a patrilineal great-grandson of Louis VIII of France, and thus a member of a junior line of the House of Capet.

Marriage

It is unknown how it came that the king of Sweden and Norway married a woman from Namur. In June 1334 he travelled from Norway to Namur to propose. In Namur they got engaged and Magnus returned to Sweden in the fall of 1334. Blanche left Namur in the fall of 1335 and the wedding took place in October or early November 1335, possibly at Bohus Castle. As a wedding gift Blanche received the province of Tunsberg in Norway and Lödöse in Sweden as fiefs; Tunsberg was exchanged in 1353 to Bohus, Marstrand, Elfsyssel, Rånrike and Borgarsyssel. Blanche's coronation took place in July 1336, possibly 22 July, in the Great Church in Stockholm.^[1]

They had two sons, Eric and Haakon, plus at least three daughters who died as children (some buried at Ås Abbey). It was agreed that Eric should inherit Sweden and Haakon Norway. When Haakon became Haakon VI of Norway in 1355, Eric rebelled against his father and was elevated to co-ruler of Sweden.

Her husband was accused of being homosexual; he had an official favorite, Bengt Algotsson, Duke of Finland – but their relationship was never confirmed as sexual. Blanche seems to have had a good relationship with Magnus, and exerted political influence. In 1345, her brothers Louis and Robert were made vassals of her spouse. On her seal, she is called "Queen of Sweden, Norway and Scania"; the fact that she is not wearing a veil on the seal is unusual for married women of the age.

Her political influence made her controversial and exposed to much criticism and slander. In 1359 she was accused by people of having poisoned her daughter-in-law, Beatrice of Bavaria, and her own son, the co-ruler, King Eric; on his deathbed, her son said, that the same person who gave him life had now taken it from him. It is possible that he himself believed that he was poisoned by her, but there is no proof that this happened. Historians now believe that both her son and her daughter-in-law died of the plague. She was disliked, as was her husband, by Saint Birgitta, who accused her of being unfaithful; Bengt Algotsson was rumoured to be the lover of both the king and the queen. Many of the accusations against Blanche and Magnus can be found in Saint Birgitta's writings.

The seal of Blanche of Namur as Queen

Queen Blanche by Albert Edelfelt.

Last years

She spent her last years, from 1359 until her death, at the Tønsberg Castle in Norway, and ruled the south-east of this country. It seems she spent her last years in economic difficulties. On 9 April 1363, her son Haakon married Margaret, daughter of Valdemar IV of Denmark. Shortly after the wedding, Blanche fell ill and died. The cause of death and the place where she is buried is unknown.^[2]

Legacy

Queen Blanche is one of the most well-known of the Swedish/Norwegian medieval queens. Apparently, she was very politically and socially active and noticeable, not only as a queen, as many stories and songs were written about her.

In Sweden, Queen Blanche is also remembered for the song: "Rida rida ranka, hästen heter Blanka" ("Ride, ride on my knee, the horse is called Blanka"), which has influenced the famous historical painting by Albert Edelfelt of her and her son Haakon.

A Belgian wheat beer produced by Brasserie du Bocq is named "Blanche de Namur" (and was named "world's best wheat beer" at the 2009 World Beer Awards).

Ancestors

Ancestors of Blanche of Namur

16. Guy II, Lord of Dampierre               8. William II, Lord of Dampierre                       17. Matilda I, Lady of Bourbon               4. Guy of Dampierre                             18. Baldwin I of Constantinople               9. Margaret II, Countess of Flanders                       19. Marie of Champagne               2. John I, Marquis of Namur                                   20. Waleran III, Duke of Limburg               10. Henry V, Count of Luxembourg                       21. Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg               5. Isabelle of Luxembourg                             22. Henry II, Count of Bar               11. Margaret of Bar                       23. Philippa of Dreux               1. Blanche of Namur                                         24. Robert I, Count of Artois               12. Robert II of Artois                       25. Matilda of Brabant               6. Philip of Artois                             26. Peter of Courtenay               13. Amicie de Courtenay                       27. Perrenelle de Joigny               3. Marie of Artois                                   28. John I, Duke of Brittany               14. John II, Duke of Brittany                       29. Blanche of Navarre               7. Blanche of Brittany                             30. Henry III, King of England               15. Beatrice of England                       31. Eleanor of Provence

References

1. Nordberg (2001), p. 69-72
2. Nordberg (2001), p. 303

• Nordberg, Michael (1995). I kung Magnus tid. Norstedts. ISBN 91-1-952122-7.
• Wilhelmina Stålberg: Anteqningar om svenska qvinnor (Notes on Swedish women) (Swedish)
• Herman Lindvist: Historien om alla Sveriges drottningar (History of all the queens of Sweden) (Swedish) (2006)