Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

Vs.

CD edition cover art
Studio album by Pearl Jam
Released October 19, 1993 (1993-10-19)
Recorded March–May 1993 at The Site in Nicasio, California and Potatohead Studio in Seattle, Washington
Length 46:11
Label Epic
Producer Brendan O'Brien, Pearl Jam
Pearl Jam chronology
Ten
(1991)		 Vs.
(1993)		 Vitalogy
(1994)
Alternative cover
Vinyl edition cover art
Singles from Vs.
  1. "Go"
    Released: October 25, 1993
  2. "Daughter"
    Released: December 20, 1993
  3. "Animal"
    Released: April 4, 1994
  4. "Dissident"
    Released: May 16, 1994

Vs. is the second studio album by the American rock band Pearl Jam, released on October 19, 1993 through Epic Records.[1] After a relentless touring schedule in support of their 1991 debut album Ten, Pearl Jam headed into the studio in early 1993 facing the challenge of following up the commercial success of its debut. The resulting album, Vs., featured a rawer and more aggressive sound compared with the band's previous release. It was the band's first collaboration with producer Brendan O'Brien.

Pearl Jam decided to scale back its commercial efforts for Vs., including declining to produce music videos for any of the album’s singles. Upon its release, Vs. set the record for most copies of an album sold in its first week, a record it held for five years. Vs. occupied the number one spot on the Billboard 200 chart for five weeks, the longest duration for a Pearl Jam album. The album has been certified seven times platinum by the RIAA in the United States.

Recording

For its second album, Pearl Jam felt the pressures of trying to match the success of its debut album, Ten. In a 2002 interview, guitarist Mike McCready said, "The band was blown up pretty big and everything was pretty crazy."[2] Vs. was the first Pearl Jam album to have production duties handled by producer Brendan O'Brien. It was also the band's first album with drummer Dave Abbruzzese, who had joined the band in August 1991 and toured for the album Ten. Rehearsals for Vs. began in February 1993 at Potatohead Studio in Seattle, Washington. The band then moved to The Site in Nicasio, California in March 1993 to begin recording. Abbruzzese called the tranquil recording site "paradise" while lead vocalist Eddie Vedder said, "I fucking hate it here...I've had a hard time...How do you make a rock record here?"[3]

The band took the approach of recording one song at a time,[4] and agreed with O'Brien to mix the songs as each one was finished. O'Brien had the band members set up much as they do live,[5] and most of the songs were developed out of jam sessions. Guitarist Stone Gossard said, "I think we allowed things to develop in a more natural, band-oriented sort of way, rather than me bringing in a bunch of stuff that was already arranged." Gossard added that most of the songs were arranged once Vedder joined in and started singing, elaborating, "You could tell when the music wanted to change just by the way he was singing."[6] In a 2009 interview, Gossard stated, "[Vs.] was probably where it felt better recording wise. I saw how it could change and evolve which gave me a lot of inspiration to go we can do ballads, we can do fast stuff, we can do slow stuff, we can do punk stuff. That was where I realized there were gonna be a lot of places to go with Ed."[7]

The first week of recording produced "Go", "Blood", "Rats", and "Leash" before the band hit a lull.[3] In order to keep up his intensity, Vedder traveled into San Francisco and began sleeping in his truck,[3] as well as the sauna at the recording studio.[8] Bassist Jeff Ament said, "Recording Vs., there was a lot more pressure on Ed. The whole follow-up. I thought we were playing so well as a band that it would take care of itself...He was having a hard time finishing up the songs; the pressure, and not being comfortable being in such a nice place." Ament added that "toward the end it got fairly intense" and that the band "tried to make it as uncomfortable for [Vedder] as we could."[8] Eventually the band was able to get "back on track" according to Ament as Vedder was allowed "to get in the space of his songs."[3] The album was finished in May 1993. Vedder later said, "The second record, that was the one I enjoyed making the least...I just didn't feel comfortable in the place we were at because it was very comfortable. I didn't like that at all."[8]

Music and lyrics
"Go"
A sample of "Go", the first single released from the album. The song's main guitar riff was written by Abbruzzese.
"Daughter"
A sample of "Daughter", the second single released from the album. The song has an acoustic sound and lyrics written by Vedder about a child who is abused by her parents because they do not understand her learning disability. The song became a hit and helped solidify the group's success following Ten.
Problems playing these files? See media help.

The album featured a much looser and rawer sound compared to the band's debut album, Ten.[9] Ament said, "When we made Vs., our second record, I remember thinking, 'Man, I wish our first record sounded like this.' I thought it was more direct, more powerful."[10] Besides the heavier songs, the album features two acoustic ballads in "Daughter" and "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town". A few of the songs incorporate elements of funk, including "Animal", "Blood", and "Rats". McCready stated that it wasn't that the band "sat down and decided to be funky," but rather it came from the band "exploring different directions and combining our influences."[5] Paul Evans of Rolling Stone said "'Animal', 'Daughter' and 'Blood'...are songs of a kind of ritual passion, tapping into something truly wild."[11] In a 2002 interview, Gossard said, "We got our heavyosity out on that record."[2]

The songs on the album tackle personal as well as social and political concerns. Vedder said that "you write what comes to you... You try to reflect the mood of the songs."[12] Topics on the album include child abuse ("Daughter"), gun culture ("Glorified G"), police racism ("W.M.A."), and the media ("Blood"). "Daughter", "Dissident", and "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" are three storytelling songs. "Daughter" tells the story of a child who is abused by her parents because they do not understand her learning disability; "Dissident" tells the story of a woman who takes in a political fugitive; and "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" tells the story of an old lady who has been stuck in a small town her whole life.[13][14]

"Glorified G", a song mocking gun enthusiasts, was inspired by an incident that involved Abbruzzese telling the band he had just bought two guns which sparked a conversation about guns within the band.[13] "W.M.A." was inspired by an incident that happened outside Pearl Jam's rehearsal studio in which Vedder got into an altercation with a group of police officers who hassled a black friend of his but ignored him.[13] Vedder said that "Rearviewmirror" is about being "in a car, leaving...a bad situation."[12] Vedder stated that "Rats" is about the idea that "rats are probably a hell of a lot more admirable" than humans.[13] "Leash" was written about the same girl that the Ten song "Why Go" is about.[13] Regarding "Indifference", Vedder said it is about "[trying to] do something to make some other peoples' lives better than they are, even if it means going through hell. Three Faces of Me."[13]

Release and reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[9]
Chicago Sun-Times[15]
Entertainment WeeklyB−[16]
Los Angeles Times[17]
Pitchfork Media7.6/10[18]
Rolling Stone[11]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[19]
USA Today[20]

Vs. debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart and stayed there for five weeks. Vs. sold 950,378 copies in its first five days of release, which set a record for the most copies of an album sold in its first week of release and outperformed all other entries in the Billboard top ten that week combined.[21] Vs. held this record for five years before it was broken by Garth Brooks' 1998 album, Double Live. While Double Live officially beat Vs. in first week sales, Vs. still holds an unbreakable record in that Soundscan only counted the first five days of an album's release in its first week sales until 1998.[22] Vs. has been certified seven times platinum by the RIAA,[23] and, as of July 2013, has sold 6,010,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.[24]

Rolling Stone staff writer Paul Evans gave Vs. a favorable review, saying, "Few American bands have arrived more clearly talented than this one did with Ten; and Vs. tops even that debut." He added, "Like Jim Morrison and Pete Townshend, Vedder makes a forte of his psychological-mythic explorations...As guitarists Stone Gossard and Mike McCready paint dense and slashing backdrops, he invites us into a drama of experiment and strife."[11] Jon Pareles of The New York Times stated that "Pearl Jam uses its new album...to broaden its music," and added that "most of the album...projects individual misery as public catharsis."[25] AllMusic staff writer Steve Huey gave the album four out of five stars, saying "Vs. may not reach the majestic heights of Ten, but at least half the record stands with Pearl Jam's best work."[9]

David Browne of Entertainment Weekly gave the album a B–. He said, "Vs. is not a carbon copy of Ten; for that alone, [Pearl Jam] get points." However, he countered by saying that "Vs. confirms once and for all that there's nothing underground or alternative about [Pearl Jam]."[16] Critic Robert Christgau gave the album a "dud" rating.[26]

Pearl Jam made a conscious decision beginning with the release of Vs. to scale back its commercial efforts.[27] "We pulled back after the second record pretty hard," Ament stated. "A lot of it had to do with being in the eye of the storm and not being able to think straight."[28] The band declined to produce music videos after the very successful "Jeremy", and opted to give fewer interviews as well as make fewer television appearances. "Ten years from now," Ament said, "I don't want people to remember our songs as videos."[3]

Vs. included the hit singles "Go", "Daughter", "Animal", and "Dissident". All four singles placed on the Mainstream Rock and Modern Rock charts. "Daughter" was the most successful song from Vs. on the rock charts, reaching the number one spot on both the Mainstream Rock and Modern Rock charts, spending a total of eight weeks at number one on the former. Album tracks "Glorified G" and "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" also charted. At the 1995 Grammy Awards, "Daughter" received a nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and "Go" received a nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance. Vs. received a nomination for Best Rock Album.[29]

In 2011, Pearl Jam released a remastered Vs., along with Vitalogy, in three formats: an Expanded Version, a three-CD Deluxe Edition and a Limited Edition Collector's Boxed Set. The Expanded Version features three bonus tracks recorded by Brendan O'Brien at The Site studio during the Vs. sessions: a previously unreleased acoustic version of "Hold On", "Cready Stomp" - a previously unreleased studio outtake, and the band's cover of Victoria Williams' "Crazy Mary" featuring Williams on backing vocals and guitar, which had previously been issued on the 1993 tribute album, Sweet Relief: A Benefit for Victoria Williams. The three-CD Deluxe Edition features both the Legacy Versions of Vs. and Vitalogy with their bonus tracks and a copy of Live at the Orpheum Theater, Boston, April 12, 1994.[30]

Packaging

The album's cover art, photographed by Ament, features a black-and-white picture of a sheep from a farm in Hamilton, Montana. According to Ament, the cover was a representation of how the band felt at the time, with Ament stating "we were slaves."[8] The album booklet contains additional drawings and writings by Vedder, including one page apparently doodled at a business meeting that says "I will never trust anybody again."[25] The lyric page for "W.M.A." features a portion of a news story concerning Malice Green, allegedly a victim of police brutality.

Originally, the album was titled Five Against One (The song "Animal" features the lyric "One, two, three, four, five against one..."). Concerning the original album title, Gossard said, "For me, that title represented a lot of struggles that you go through trying to make a record...Your own independence—your own soul—versus everybody else's."[3] The album title was changed at the last minute, first to a self-titled album and then to Vs., a nod to the general theme of conflict present in most of the songs on the album. Regarding the title Vs., Vedder said, "They were writing all these articles...Our band against somebody else's band. What the hell are they talking about? You know, don't try to separate the powers that be. We're all in this together."[31]

The decision to change the album's name at the last minute resulted in a few different versions of the album. There are also different versions of the album that are unrelated to the title. Regarding the different versions of the album, some of the first pressings of the cassette still contained Five Against One printed on the cassette itself,[32] the first couple of pressings of the cassette do not contain the title printed on the artwork at all,[32] and the lyrics to "Indifference" are included in the cassette version.[32] The first couple of pressings of the CD do not contain the title printed on the artwork at all,[33] and the initial versions of the CD came in an Ecopak, which was a variation on the traditional CD sized Digipak. While not rare, they went out of print quickly and are now hard to find. The song titles are not printed on the back cover of this version, but the artwork remains the same.[34] The vinyl version has never had the title printed on it,[35] and the cover art on the vinyl copies is different from the CD and cassette.[35] For all versions, the picture of the "elderly woman" changed at some point after the first pressings. Allegedly, the original woman never gave permission for her picture to be used, so Pearl Jam changed the picture to another woman.[36] The difference is easy to spot, as "the new and improved woman behind the counter" is printed below the picture.[37]

Tour

Main article: Vs. Tour

Pearl Jam promoted the album with tours in the United States in the fall of 1993 and the spring of 1994.[38] The fall 1993 tour focused on the Western United States, while the spring 1994 tour focused on the Eastern United States. Industry insiders compared Pearl Jam's tour to the touring habits of Led Zeppelin, in that the band "ignored the press and took its music directly to the fans." During this tour the band set a cap on ticket prices in the attempt to thwart scalpers.[39]

Several songs from the band's third album, Vitalogy, were premiered during this tour. The band's April 3, 1994 concert in Atlanta, Georgia at the Fox Theatre was broadcast live on the radio in the United States.[40] A few days later, the body of Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain was found in his home in Seattle due to an apparent suicide, which deeply affected Vedder. At the band's April 8, 1994 concert in Fairfax, Virginia at the Patriot Center, Vedder proclaimed, "I don't think any of us would be in this room tonight if it weren't for Kurt Cobain."[41] Vedder later said that "the day that we found out about Kurt...I was just spinning. I was lost and didn't know if we should play, or if we should just go home, or if we should attend the services. I still have some regrets about that, even though in the end it was probably better that we played the last two weeks of the tour. I decided I would play those next two weeks and then I'd never have to play again."[42]
Pearl Jam was outraged when it discovered after a pair of shows in Chicago, Illinois in March 1994 that ticket vendor Ticketmaster had added a service charge to the tickets.[43] Following the tour, the band brought a lawsuit against Ticketmaster that accused them of being a monopoly whose anticompetitive practices allowed markup prices of more than 30%. The band's intention was to get ticket prices lowered for its fans.[44] Pearl Jam's plans for a 1994 summer tour were cancelled as a result of a Ticketmaster boycott.[45]

On April 16, 2016 at the Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina, during their 2016 tour, Pearl Jam played the entire album in order as part of their set.[46]

Track listing

All lyrics written by Eddie Vedder. All music is credited to Pearl Jam, actual music composers listed below. 

No. TitleMusic Length
1. "Go"  Dave Abbruzzese[4] 3:12
2. "Animal"  Stone Gossard[47] 2:49
3. "Daughter"  Gossard [48] 3:55
4. "Glorified G"  Gossard, Mike McCready[49] 3:26
5. "Dissident"  Gossard, McCready, Jeff Ament[50] 3:35
6. "W.M.A."  Abbruzzese, Ament[4] 5:59
7. "Blood"  Gossard, McCready[2] 2:50
8. "Rearviewmirror"  Vedder[6] 4:44
9. "Rats"  Ament[51] 4:15
10. "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town"  Vedder[51] 3:15
11. "Leash"  Gossard, McCready[2] 3:09
12. "Indifference"  Ament, Gossard[6] 5:02
Total length:
 46:11

Reissue bonus material

Vs. Tour bonus live CD

Performed April 12, 1994 at the Orpheum Theater, Boston, MA. The penultimate show of the Vs. tour, this concert featured some songs from the upcoming follow-up album Vitalogy. The CD omits eight songs from the original performance: "State of Love and Trust", "Hard to Imagine", "Go", "Animal", "Alone", "Better Man", "Yellow Ledbetter", "I've Got a Feeling" (The Beatles cover).

  1. "Oceans"
  2. "Even Flow"
  3. "Sonic Reducer" (Dead Boys cover; guest performance: Mark Arm)
  4. "Immortality"
  5. "Glorified G"
  6. "Daughter"
  7. "Not for You"
  8. "Rats"
  9. "Blood"
  10. "Release"
  11. "Tremor Christ"
  12. "Once"
  13. "Fuckin' Up" (Neil Young cover)
  14. "Dirty Frank"
  15. "Rearviewmirror"
  16. "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town"

Outtakes

Two songs were rejected from the album that later appeared on the band's follow-up Vitalogy, "Whipping" and "Better Man". Both songs made their live debuts at the band's May 13, 1993 concert in San Francisco at Slim's Café where the band premiered most of the newly recorded songs for Vs.[52] "Better Man" was said to have been rejected because Vedder was not comfortable with the song's accessibility.[8] Another song that was recorded during the album's sessions is "Hard to Imagine".[53] "Hard to Imagine" later made its way on to the soundtrack for the 1998 film, Chicago Cab; however, this version was recorded during the sessions for Vitalogy. The version recorded for Vs. appears on the 2003 rarities compilation, Lost Dogs.[54] According to Gossard, "Hard to Imagine" was cut from Vs. because the band already had enough mellow songs for the album.[55] Pearl Jam's cover of the Victoria Williams song "Crazy Mary" (to which Williams herself contributed background vocals and guitar)[56] was also recorded during these sessions. "Crazy Mary" appeared on the 1993 tribute album, Sweet Relief: A Benefit for Victoria Williams, and later on the 2011 Vs. reissue, as a bonus track.[30] The Pearl Jam/Cypress Hill collaboration "Real Thing" was also recorded around this time. "Real Thing" appeared on the 1993 Judgment Night soundtrack.

Personnel

Pearl Jam
Production

Chart positions

Album

Chart (1993) Position
Australian Albums Chart[57] 1
Canadian Albums Chart[58] 1
Dutch Albums Chart[59] 1
Irish Albums Chart[60] 1
New Zealand Albums Chart[61] 1
Norwegian Albums Chart[62] 1
Swedish Albums Chart[63] 1
US Billboard 200[64] 1
UK Albums Chart[65] 2
Finnish Albums Chart[66] 3
Austrian Albums Chart[67] 7
German Albums Chart[68] 8
Swiss Albums Chart[69] 9
French Albums Chart[70] 12
Italian Albums Chart[71] 15
Spanish Albums Chart[72] 31
Hungarian Albums Chart[73] 34
Japanese Albums Chart[74] 42

End of decade charts

Chart (1990–1999) Position
U.S. Billboard 200[75] 46

Singles

Year Single Peak chart positions
US
[76]		 US Main
[76]		 US Mod
[76]		 AUS
[57]		 CAN
[77]		 FRE
[78]		 GER
[79]		 IRE
[80]		 NLD
[81]		 NOR
[82]		 NZ
[61]
[83]		 UK
[65]
1993 "Go" — 3 8 22 — — 96 — 21 5 2 190
"Daughter" 97 1 1 18 16 — — 4 46 — 11 18
1994 "Animal" — 21 — 30 — — — — — — 7 —
"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" — 23 17 — — — — — — — — —
"Dissident" — 3 — — — 24 97 7 14 2 — 14
"Glorified G" — 39 — — — — — — — — — —
"—" denotes singles that did not chart.

Accolades

The information regarding accolades attributed to Vs. is adapted in part from AcclaimedMusic.net.[84]

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Entertainment Weekly United States "100 Best Albums from 1983 to 2008"[85] 2008 78
Pause & Play United States "The 90s Top 100 Essential Albums"[86] 1999 11
Visions Germany "The Most Important Albums of the 90s"[87] 1999 46
Juice Australia "The 100 (+34) Greatest Albums of the 90s"[88] 1999 14
The Movement New Zealand "The 101 Best Albums of the 90s"[89] 2004 37

References

  1. ↑ "Vs.". Pearljam.com. Retrieved 2012-05-30.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Interview with Stone Gossard and Mike McCready". Total Guitar. November 2002.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Crowe, Cameron (1993-10-28). "Five Against the World". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2007-05-19. Retrieved 2007-06-23.
  4. 1 2 3 Peiken, Matt (December 1993). "Dave Abbruzzese of Pearl Jam". Modern Drummer. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
  5. 1 2 Rotondi, James. "Blood On the Tracks". Guitar Player. January 1994.
  6. 1 2 3 Garbarini, Vic. "Spit Fire". "Spit Fire". Guitar World. February 1995.
  7. ↑ Quinn, Bryan. "Q+A session with Pearl Jam". Daily Record. March 9, 2009.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Weisbard, Eric, et al. "Ten Past Ten". Spin. August 2001.
  9. 1 2 3 Huey, Steve. "Vs. – Pearl Jam". AllMusic. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
  10. ↑ Light, Alan (2009-03-23). "Pearl Jam's Perfect Ten". MSN Music. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
  11. 1 2 3 Evans, Paul (December 23, 1993). "Pearl Jam: Vs.". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 22, 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
  12. 1 2 Hilburn, Robert (1994-05-01). "He Didn't Ask for All This". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jones, Allan. Pearl Jam — The Illustrated Story, A Melody Maker Book. Hal Leonard Corp, 1995. ISBN 0-7935-4035-6
  14. ↑ Wall, Mick. Pearl Jam. Music Book Services Corporation, 1996. ISBN 1-886894-33-7.
  15. ↑ DeRogatis, Jim (October 17, 1993). "Pearl Jam Finds Another Alternative on 'Vs.'" (Transcription of original review at talk page). Chicago Sun-Times. p. 7. Retrieved March 21, 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  16. 1 2 Browne, David (October 22, 1993). "Vs.". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
  17. ↑ Cromelin, Richard (October 17, 1993). "A Battleground of Angry Verses". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  18. ↑ Greene, Jayson (March 30, 2011). "Pearl Jam: Vs. [Legacy Edition] / Vitalogy [Legacy Edition]". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
  19. ↑ Cross, Charles R. (2004). "Pearl Jam". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 625–26. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  20. ↑ Gundersen, Edna (October 15, 1993). "Pearl Jam's triumph" (Transcription of original review at talk page). USA Today. p. 01.D. Retrieved September 27, 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  21. ↑ Hajari, Nisid (November 19, 1993). "Pearl's Jam". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  22. ↑ Farber, Jim (December 14, 1998). "Your Cheatin' Charts! Timely Accounting Change Helped Brooks' Double Live Smash Pearl Jam's '93 Record". Daily News. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
  23. ↑ "Gold and Platinum Database Search". RIAA. Retrieved on May 27, 2008.
  24. ↑ http://www.greasylake.org/the-circuit/index.php?/topic/113673-rem-pearl-jam-and-nirvanausa-album-sales/
  25. 1 2 Pareles, Jon (October 24, 1993). "Pearl Jam Stays the Course With Its Own Rock Hero". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
  26. ↑ Christgau, Robert (March 1, 1994). "Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
  27. ↑ Ashare, Matt (July 2000). "The Sweet Smell of (Moderate) Success". CMJ New Music Monthly.
  28. ↑ Guzman, Isaac (November 3, 2002). "A Riot of Their Own". Daily News. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
  29. ↑ 37th Grammy Awards. RockonheNet.com. Retrieved on May 27, 2008.
  30. 1 2 "Vs. And Vitalogy 20th Anniversary Editions". February 2, 2011. Archived from the original on February 5, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
  31. ↑ Vedder, Eddie. "Rockline Interview". KISW-FM, Seattle, Washington. October 18, 1993.
  32. 1 2 3 "Vs (Five Against One)". Pjcollectors.com. 2006-07-03. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  33. ↑ "Vs". Pjcollectors.com. 2007-12-23. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  34. ↑ "Vs.". Pjcollectors.com. 2006-01-17. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  35. 1 2 "Vs.". Pjcollectors.com. 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  36. ↑ Vedder, Eddie. (Speaker). (2003). 2/9/03, Brisbane Entertainment Centre, Brisbane, Australia [Audio Recording]. Epic.
  37. ↑ (2003) Album notes for Vs. by Pearl Jam, [CD booklet]. New York: Sony Music.
  38. ↑ Pearl Jam: Set Lists. pearljam.com.
  39. ↑ DeRogatis, Jim. Milk It!: Collected Musings on the Alternative Music Explosion of the 90's. Cambridge: Da Capo, 2003. ISBN 0-306-81271-1, pg. 58–59
  40. ↑ "Are we on the air? Wow!" monkeywrenchradio.org.
  41. ↑ Gunderson, Edna. "Musical artists offer commentary on the late Kurt Cobain". Gannett News Service.
  42. ↑ Marks, Craig. "Let's Get Lost". Spin. December 1994.
  43. ↑ Wall, Mick. "Alive". Nirvana and the Story of Grunge. Q. p. 99.
  44. ↑ "PJ's testimony before Congress regarding Ticketmaster". June 30, 1994.
  45. ↑ Gordinier, Jeff (1994-10-28). "The Brawls in Their Courts". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
  46. ↑ "Pearl Jam perform Vs. in full at Greenville, SC concert". Consequence of Sound. April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
  47. ↑ "Pearl Jam Chronology Mookie Blaylock - 1990". PearlJam10YearsAgo.no.sapo.pt. February 27, 2002.
  48. ↑ "Pearl Jam Rumor Pit Issue #32". sonymusic.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-02. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
  49. ↑ Gilbert, Jeff. "Prime Cuts: Mike McCready - The Best of Pearl Jam!" Guitar School. May 1995.
  50. ↑ Jones, Allan. Pearl Jam - The Illustrated Story, A Melody Maker Book. Hal Leonard Corp, 1995. ISBN 0-7935-4035-6
  51. 1 2 Scaggs, Austin. "Eddie Vedder: Addicted to Rock". Rolling Stone. April 21, 2006.
  52. ↑ "Pearl Jam Shows:1993 May 13, Slim's Café San Francisco, California".
  53. ↑ Cohen, Jonathan. "Pearl Jam: Spreading The Jam". Billboard. March 30, 2001.
  54. ↑ (2003) Album notes for Lost Dogs by Pearl Jam, [CD booklet]. New York: Sony Music.
  55. ↑ Letkemann, Jessica. "Interview with Stone Gossard". Tickle My Nausea Pearl Jam Fanzine. 1998.
  56. ↑ "Sweet Relief - A Benefit For Victoria Williams". sonymusic.com.
  57. 1 2 Pearl Jam in Australian Charts. Australian-Charts.com. Retrieved on May 28, 2008.
  58. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs - Volume 58, No. 18, November 13, 1993". RPM. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  59. ↑ "Dutch Single/Album Chart / Pearl Jam / Longplay". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  60. ↑ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FwgEAAAAMBAJ&lr=&rview=1. Retrieved 2008-02-19. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  61. 1 2 Scapolo, Dean. (2007) The Complete New Zealand Music Charts. ISBN 978-1-877443-00-8.
  62. ↑ "Norwegian Single/Album Chart / Pearl Jam / Longplay". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  63. ↑ "Swedish Single/Album Chart / Pearl Jam / Longplay". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  64. ↑ "Pearl Jam – Billboard Albums". AllMusic. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
  65. 1 2 "EveryHit.com". Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  66. ↑ Pennanen, Timo (2006). Sisältää hitin - levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972 (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava. p. 263. ISBN 978-951-1-21053-5.
  67. ↑ "Austrian Single/Album Chart / Pearl Jam / Longplay". austriancharts.at. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  68. ↑ "Chartverfolgung / Pearl Jam / Longplay". musicline.de. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
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  72. ↑ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  73. ↑ Pearl Jam in Hungarian Charts. Hungarian chart Retrieved on June 4, 2008.
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  89. ↑ "The 101 Best Albums of the 90s". The Movement. Retrieved 2008-05-06.

External links

Preceded by
A Touch of Music in the Night
by Michael Crawford		 Australian ARIA Albums Chart number-one album
October 31 – November 6, 1993 		Succeeded by
Then Again... by John Farnham
Preceded by
Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell
by Meat Loaf		 Billboard 200 number-one album
November 6 – December 10, 1993 		Succeeded by
Doggystyle by Snoop Doggy Dogg

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