Quercus douglasii
| Quercus douglasii blue oak | |
|---|---|
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| A large blue oak in a pasture in Mariposa County, California. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Section: | Quercus |
| Species: | Q. douglasii |
| Binomial name | |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 1840 | |
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| Natural range | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Quercus douglasii, known as blue oak, is a species of oak endemic to (found only in) California, common in the Coast Ranges and foothills of the Sierra Nevada.[2] It is occasionally known as mountain oak and iron oak.[3][4]
Description
Quercus douglasii is a medium-sized tree, generally 6–20 m (20–66 ft) tall, with a trunk 36–60 cm (1–2 ft) in DBH.[5] The tallest recorded specimen was found in Alameda County, at 28.7 m (94 ft). The bark is light gray with many medium-sized dark cracks; from a distance, it can appear almost white. The name blue oak derives from the dark blue-green tint of its leaves, which are deciduous, 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in) long, and entire or shallowly lobed. The acorns are 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long,[6] with a moderately sweet kernel, and mature in 6–7 months from pollination.
Ecology
Quercus douglasii prefers dry soil and plenty of sunlight. It is the most drought tolerant of California's deciduous oaks.[5]
Quercus douglasii often co-dominates with gray pine (Pinus sabiniana), and is also found with interior live oak (Q. wislizeni), valley oak (Q. lobata), Oregon white oak (Q. garryana),[5] canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis), and Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii). Natural hybrids between Q. douglasii and the related shrub live oak (Q. turbinella), Q. lobata, and Q. garryana often occur where the species grow together in the same area.
Individual trees over 500 years old have been recorded, although most are less than 300 years old. Recent research has found several unlogged stands of blue oak woodlands, suggesting that the state may harbor over 500,000 acres (200,000 ha; 2,000 km2) of such old-growth forests.
Quercus douglasii is susceptible to a fungal disease known as sudden oak death, though less so than tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus), or red oaks such as coast live oak (Q. agrifolia).
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus douglasii. |
References
- ↑ The Plant List, Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.
- ↑ iGoTerra—Blue Oak (Quercus douglasi)
- ↑ Philip M. McDonald, United States Department of Agriculture
- ↑ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn., blue oak
- 1 2 3 Fryer, Janet L. 2007. Quercus douglasii. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).
- ↑ Flora of North America: Quercus douglasii
Further reading
- Stahle, David. "Ancient Blue Oak Woodlands of California". University of Arkansas Tree-Ring Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
- Peterson- Raptors of California