Boccia classification

Boccia classification is the classification system governing boccia, a sport designed specifically for people with disabilities. Classification is handled by Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. There are four classifications for this sport.

Definition

Boccia classification at the Paralympic Games is the basis for determining who can compete in the sport, and within which class. It is used for the purposes of establishing fair competition. Entry is eligible to athletes with cerebral palsy or severe disabilities (such as muscular dystrophy, brain or spinal injury).[1] There are four boccia classifications based upon functional ability.[2] This sport has rules that were designed specifically with people with disabilities in mind.[3]

Governance

In 1983, the rules for this sport and approval for classification was done by the Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA).[4] This remained the case in 2012.[5][6]

History

In 1983 CP-ISRA[7] was responsible for the classification of competitors in Boccia. Their classification followed the system designed for field athletics events[8] and originally used five cerebral palsy classes for competitors.[9] Class 1 competitors could compete in co-ed team events which included three competitors from class 1 and class 2, with one required to be a class 1 competitor. They could also compete in the individual events.[10] In 1992, the International Paralympic Committee formally took control of governance for many disability sports.[11]

Eligibility

As of 2012, people with physical disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport.[12] The level of physical impairment must be significant, such as brain injury or total body impaired function (as in the case of cerebral palsy).[13] In 1983, CP-ISRA set the eligibility rules for classification for this sport. They defined cerebral palsy as a non-progressive brain legion that results in impairment. People with cerebral palsy or non-progressive brain damage were eligible for classification by them. The organisation also dealt with classification for people with similar impairments. For their classification system, people with spina bifida were not eligible unless they had medical evidence of loco-motor dysfunction. People with cerebral palsy and epilepsy were eligible provided the condition did not interfere with their ability to compete. People who had strokes were eligible for classification following medical clearance. Competitors with multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy and arthrogryposis were not eligible for classification by CP-ISRA, but were eligible for classification by International Sports Organisation for the Disabled for the Games of Les Autres.[14]

Classes

There are four classes in Boccia. Athletes are grouped according to their impairment as follows:

Process

For a boccia athlete to compete at the Paralympic Games, international classification by an International Classification Panel is required. The International Classification Panel will allocate a class to the athlete and rule which (if any) assistive equipment the athlete may use. Their ruling overrides all prior classifications including those of a national basis. Athletes must be classified according to their disability and level of impairment. The classification process normally involves a physical assessment to authenticate the disability and evaluate the degree of limitation. The athlete will be observed in competition action. Results will place the athlete in one of the four classes (see Classes): this evaluation cannot be used for sports outside of Boccia.[16] For Australian competitors in this sport, the sport and classification is managed by the Australian Paralympic Committee.[17] There are three types of classification available for Australian competitors: Provisional, national and international. The first is for club level competitions, the second for state and national competitions, and the third for international competitions.[18]

At the Paralympic Games

Boccia being played by Tu Huynh of Australia at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

At the 1992 Summer Paralympics, cerebral palsy disability types were eligible to participate, with classification being run through CP-ISRA, with classification based on disability type.[19] At the 2000 Summer Paralympics, 7 assessments were conducted at the Games. This resulted in 0 class changes. 1 PNS protest was filed and the classification was upheld.[20] Boccia competition at the London 2012 Summer Olympics will be held at ExCeL Exhibition Centre from 2 September to 8 September. Competition play is mixed: 104 men and women will compete for seven medal events. In each team event, one team of three athletes per country is allowed.[21]

Future

Going forward, disability sport's major classification body, the International Paralympic Committee, is working on improving classification to be more of an evidence-based system as opposed to a performance-based system so as not to punish elite athletes whose performance makes them appear in a higher class alongside competitors who train less.[22]

References

  1. ↑ "APC London 2012 - Boccia". Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  2. ↑ Michael Hutson; Cathy Speed (17 March 2011). Sports Injuries. Oxford University Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-19-953390-9. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  3. ↑ Robert C. Schenck (1999). Athletic Training and Sports Medicine. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 818. ISBN 978-0-89203-172-6. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  4. ↑ Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983). Classification and sport rules manual (Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 9–11. OCLC 220878468.
  5. ↑ "Sports". CP-ISRA. 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  6. ↑ Ian Brittain (4 August 2009). The Paralympic Games Explained. Taylor & Francis. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-415-47658-4. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  7. ↑ Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983). Classification and sport rules manual (Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. p. 1. OCLC 220878468.
  8. ↑ Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983). Classification and sport rules manual (Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 4–6. OCLC 220878468.
  9. ↑ Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983). Classification and sport rules manual (Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 13–38. OCLC 220878468.
  10. ↑ Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983). Classification and sport rules manual (Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 13–38. OCLC 220878468.
  11. ↑ DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995). Disability and sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p. 43. ISBN 0873228480. OCLC 31710003.
  12. ↑ "Layman’s Guide to Paralympic Classification" (PDF). Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee. p. 6. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "Boccia — Classification". Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  14. ↑ Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (1983). Classification and sport rules manual (Third ed.). Wolfheze, the Netherlands: CP-ISRA. pp. 7–8. OCLC 220878468.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Boccia — Classification". London 2012 Paralympic Games. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  16. ↑ IPC Classification Code and International Standards (PDF). Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee. 2007. pp. 6–19.
  17. ↑ "Summer Sports". Homebush Bay, New South Wales: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  18. ↑ "What is Classification?". Sydney, Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  19. ↑ DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995). Disability and sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p. 128. ISBN 0873228480. OCLC 31710003.
  20. ↑ Cashman, Richard I; Darcy, Simon; University of Technology, Sydney. Australian Centre for Olympic Studies (2008). Benchmark games : the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. Petersham, N.S.W.: Walla Walla Press in conjunction with the Australian Centre for Olympic Studies University of Technology, Sydney. p. 151.
  21. ↑ "Boccia — About". London 2012 Paralympic Games. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  22. ↑ "Classification History". Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
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