Neoboletus luridiformis
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Neoboletus luridiformis, known until 2014 as Boletus luridiformis, is a fungus of the bolete family, all of which produce mushrooms with tubes and pores beneath their caps. It is found in Northern Europe and North America, and is commonly known as the dotted stem bolete. Although edible when cooked, it can cause gastric upset when raw and can be confused where the two species coincide with the poisonous Rubroboletus satanas, which has a paler cap.
Taxonomy
Boletus luridiformis was originally described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796 as Boletus erythropus - a name since reduced to synonymy - [1] which derived its specific name from the Greek ερυθρος ("red") and πους ("foot"),[2] referring to its red coloured stalk. Its French name, bolet à pied rouge or 'red-foot bolete' is a literal translation.
Genetic analysis published in 2013 showed that B. luridiformis and many (but not all) red-pored boletes were part of a dupainii clade (named for Boletus dupainii), well-removed from the core group of Boletus edulis and relatives within the Boletineae. This indicated that it needed to be placed in a new genus.[3] It became the type species of the new genus Neoboletus in 2014.[4]
Description
Neoboletus luridiformis is a large solid fungus with a bay-brown hemispherical to convex cap that can grow up to 20 cm (8 in) wide, and is quite felty initially. It has small orange-red pores that become rusty with age, and bruise blue to black. The tubes are yellowish-green, and become blue quickly on cutting. The fat, colourful, densely red-dotted yellow stem is 4–12 cm (2–5 in) high, and has no network pattern (reticulation). The flesh stains dark blue when bruised; broken, or cut.[1] There is little smell. The spore dust is olive greenish-brown.
The similar Suillellus luridus has a network pattern on the stem, and seems to prefer chalky soil.
Rubroboletus satanas also has a stem network, and a very pale whitish cap.
Distribution and habitat
The fungus grows in deciduous or coniferous woodland, in summer and autumn, in Europe. It is often found in the same places as Boletus edulis. It is also widely distributed in North America, and is especially common under spruce in its range from Northern California to Alaska. In Eastern North America it grows with both soft, and hardwood trees.[5] It seems to prefer acid soils.
Toxicity
Mild tasting, Neoboletus luridiformis is edible after cooking, though caution is advised as it resembles other less edible blue-staining boletes, and should thus be avoided by novice mushroom hunters. [5]
References
- 1 2 Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
- ↑ Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
- ↑ Nuhn ME, Binder M, Taylor AFS, Halling RE, Hibbett DS. (2013). "Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae". Fungal Biology 117 (7–8): 479–511. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008. PMID 23931115.
- ↑ Gelardi M, Simonini G, Vizzini A (October 17, 2014). "Nomenclatural novelties" (PDF). Index Fungorum (192).
- 1 2 David Arora (1986). Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
- Phillips R (1985). Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain and Europe. pan Books. ISBN 0-330-26441-9.
- Zeitlmayr L (1976). Wild Mushrooms:An Illustrated Handbook. garden City Press, Hertfordshire. ISBN 0-584-10324-7.