Bombing of Numazu in World War II
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The Bombing of Numazu in World War II (沼津大空襲 Numazu dai-kūshū) was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing states of World War II.[1]
Background
Although the city of Numazu was not a major population center, it had a number of targets of military significance centered around its port facility, including a ship repair yard, and a number of small and medium-sized factories supplying military equipment and munitions. The Tōkaidō Main Line railway connecting Tokyo with Osaka also ran through the city.[2] Numazu was also located at the base of Mount Fuji, a prominent landmark used by bombers en route to Tokyo or Nagoya from the Mariana Islands, and thus often served as a secondary target for bombers unable to complete their primary mission assignment.
Air raids
Numazu was bombed eight times during World War II, the largest air raid occurring on the night of July 17, 1945.[3] During this attack, 130 B-29 Superfortress bombers of the USAAF 20th Air Force, 58th Bombardment Wing dropped a total of 1039 tons of incendiary bombs on the city, resulting in a firestorm which destroyed most of the city.[4] The estimated civilian casualties were 274 people killed, and 9523 homes destroyed in this raid; however, total casualties came to 322 killed, 634 severely injured, and 11,883 homes destroyed over the course of the war.
A year after the war, the United States Army Air Forces's Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific War) reported that 89.5 percent of the city had been totally destroyed.[5]
See also
References
- Werrell, Kenneth P (1996). Blankets of Fire. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1-56098-665-4.
- Bradley, F. J. (1999). No Strategic Targets Left. Contribution of Major Fire Raids Toward Ending WWII. Turner Publishing. ISBN 1-56311-483-6.
- Carter, Kit C (1975). The Army Air Forces in World War II: Combat Chronology, 1941-1945. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 1-4289-1543-5.
- Crane, Conrad C. (1994). The Cigar that brought the Fire Wind: Curtis LeMay and the Strategic Bombing of Japan. JGSDF-U.S. Army Military History Exchange. ASIN B0006PGEIQ.
- Frank, Richard B. (2001). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-100146-1.
- Grayling, A. C. (2007). Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan. New York: Walker Publishing Company Inc. ISBN 0-8027-1565-6.
- Hoyt, Edwin P. (2000). Inferno: The Fire Bombing of Japan, March 9 – August 15, 1945. Madison Books. ISBN 1-56833-149-5.
- Shannon, Donald H. (1976). United States air strategy and doctrine as employed in the strategic bombing of Japan. U.S. Air University, Air War College. ASIN B0006WCQ86.
- Wainstock, Dennis (1996). The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-275-95475-7.
External links
Notes
- ↑ Hoyt. Inferno: The Fire Bombing of Japan, March 9 – August 15, 1945
- ↑ United States Strategic Bombing Survey. Summary Report(Pacific War) July 1, 1946
- ↑ Carter. The Army Air Forces in World War II: Combat Chronology, 1941-1945
- ↑ Bradley. No Strategic Targets Left.
- ↑ Wainstock. The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb. Page 9